Anthropogenic Transformations of Vegetation in the Kuyalnik Estuary Valley (Ukraine, Odesa District)

Abstract

Human influence on the steppe ecosystems of Ukraine caused irreversible loss of biodiversity in the natural zone. Currently, this problem is aggravated by military operations which cover almost half of the steppe zone and are unprecedented in the entire history of their existence. This actualizes the study of vegetation dynamic processes under the influence of the novel anthropogenic factors, and serves as the scientific basis for restoring and preserving steppe vegetation and maintaining its functional stability. The paper highlights anthropogenic changes in vegetation of the Kuyalnik Estuary valley based on long-term comparative phytocenotic surveys and uses of the method of succession series for reconstruction. These changes are representative of the river valleys of the estuaries in the Northern Black Sea region. This work examines vegetation changes induced by runoff overregulation of estuary rivers within the basin, quarrying of sand and limestone, ploughing, grazing, burning, terracing of slopes and their afforestation, excessive mowing of grass stands, and uncontrolled recreation. Subject to the existing anthropogenic impact combined with global climate changes, further vegetation degradation was predicted to occur in the direction of xerophitization and halophitization, reduction in shrubby vegetation areas, degradation of steppe vegetation, and intensification of desertification processes.

The history of research and status of study of hyperhaline Kuyalnyk Estuary geoecosystem (Ukraine, North-Western Black Sea).

“…Sintsov (1795, 1894), M.A. Sokolov, [1895−1896 [3,5,23], biological aspects − in the works of G.N. Buchinskiy (1885, 1895, 1897) and I.G.…”

“…Buchinskiy (1885, 1895, 1897) and I.G. Shmakov (1867) [3][4][5]23]. The results of petrographic studies of the silt of KE were highlighted by M.D.…”

“…Verigo (1880, 1887, 1896), D.K. Zabolotny (1892), E.M. Brusilovskyi (1894), A.A. Lebedintsev (1896) [3,5,23,30]. It should be noted that alle balneological researches were conducted strictly under the control of Odesa Balneological Society, the initiator of its foundation (1876) was bacteriologist Y.Y.…”

“…Sydorenko conducted a petrographic study and lithological description of the surface sediments of the Kuyalnyk-Khadzhibey sand bar, and in 1925 G.I. Potapenko published a note on the lithological study of the Kuyalnyk sand bar [5,23].…”

“…Its slopes of varying steepness are represented by relatively well-saved untransformed areas covered by fescue-feather grass steppe communities; and flat areas are covered by saline-meadow and salt-marsh vegetation [5,7]. The decision to create the Kuyalnyk National Nature Park on its territory within the Emerald Network of Europe (Decree of the President of Ukraine No.…”