Anthropogenic Sound: Effects on the Behavior and Physiology of Fishes

Popper, Arthur N.; Fewtrell, Jane; Smith, Michael E.; McCauley, Robert D.

doi:10.4031/002533203787537050

Cited by 130 publications

(82 citation statements)

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“…Most reviews on the effects of airgun array pulses on marine life have accepted the assumption that airgun noise is limited to low frequencies, and have concentrated on species thought to have good low-frequency hearing (Caldwell, 2002;Popper et al, 2004;. We found that animals located near the surface when surfaceducting conditions are present may be exposed to measurable levels of airgun sound above 500 Hz.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Echolocation-based foraging by harbor porpoises and sperm whales, including effects of noise and acoustic propagation

DeRuiter¹

2008

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In this thesis, I provide quantitative descriptions of toothed whale echolocation and foraging behavior, including assessment of the effects of noise on foraging behavior and the potential influence of ocean acoustic propagation conditions on biosonar detection ranges and whale noise exposure. In addition to presenting some novel basic science findings, the case studies presented in this thesis have implications for future work and for management.In Chapter 2, I describe the application of a modified version of the Dtag to studies of harbor porpoise echolocation behavior. The study results indicate how porpoises vary the rate and level of their echolocation clicks during prey capture events; detail the differences in echolocation behavior between different animals and in response to differences in prey fish; and show that, unlike bats, porpoises continue their echolocation buzz after the moment of prey capture.Chapters 3-4 provide case studies that emphasize the importance of applying realistic models of ocean acoustic propagation in marine mammal studies. These chapters illustrate that, although using geometric spreading approximations to predict communication/target detection ranges or noise exposure levels is appropriate in some cases, it can result in large errors in other cases, particularly in situations where refraction in the water column or multi-path acoustic propagation are significant.Finally, in Chapter 5, I describe two methods for statistical analysis of whale behavior data, the rotation test and a semi-Markov chain model. I apply those methods to test for changes in sperm whale foraging behavior in response to airgun noise exposure. Test results indicate that, despite the low-level exposures experienced by the whales in the study, some (but not all) of them reduced their buzz production rates and altered other foraging behavior parameters in response to the airgun exposure. Sincere thanks also to the many other people who have helped with data collection and analysis over the course of my graduate work, and also to everyone who offered comments on drafts of this thesis. More detailed acknowledgments can be found at the end of each chapter, but here I would especially like to thank the following. Thesis Objectives and Chapter 1 OverviewThe goal of my thesis research has been to provide quantitative descriptions of toothed whale echolocation and foraging behavior (Chapters 2 and 5), including assessment of the effects of noise on foraging behavior (Chapter 5) and the potential influence of ocean acoustic propagation conditions on biosonar detection ranges (Chapter 3) and whale noise exposure (Chapter 4). I have focused on two study species, the harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena, Chapters 2-3) and the sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus, Chapters 4-5).The following sections present background information relevant to the research presented in the rest of the thesis, beginning with a review of previous research on the use of echolocation by foraging animals. This review is followed by b...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Echolocation-based foraging by harbor porpoises and sperm whales, including effects of noise and acoustic propagation

DeRuiter¹

2008

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“…Instead, other senses must be employed. In marine environments, many fish species are able to gain information about currents and coastlines by detecting sounds generated by the interaction of water flows and topography (Lagardére et al 1994;Popper et al 2003) and marine fish orientate to the sounds of suitable habitat (Tolimieri et al 2000;Leis et al 2003;Simpson et al 2008). For example, in binary choice experiments, Tolimieri et al (2004) found that damselfish larvae orientate towards ambient reef sounds and Leis et al (2002) found damselfish and butterflyfish discriminate between reef sounds at distances up to 100 m. Similar experiments have not been performed in rivers, but hydromorphological units (for example, riffles, pools and glides) have distinct sound characteristics such that some animals could potentially discriminate between fluvial habitats using acoustic cues (Wysocki et al 2007;Tonolla et al 2010).…”

Section: Perception Of Topography and Relative Submergencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Animals that can detect both particle and pressure components of acoustic stimuli are more sensitive to sounds than those that only detect the particlemovement component, which includes all invertebrates (e.g. Popper et al 2003;Amoser and Ladich 2005). Acoustic and hydrodynamic stimuli are similar, but there are key differences.…”

Section: Introduction To Sensory Perceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal perception in gravel-bed rivers: scales of sensing and environmental controls on sensory information

Johnson

Rice

2014

Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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Animals make decisions based on the sensory information that they obtain from the environment and other organisms within that environment. In a river, this information is transported, transmitted, masked, and filtered by fluvial factors and processes, such as relative roughness and turbulent flow. By interpreting the resultant signals, animals decide on the suitability of habitat and their reaction to other organisms. While a great deal is known about the sensory biology of animals, only limited attention has been paid to the environmental controls on the propagation of sensory information within rivers. Here, the potential transport mechanisms and masking processes of the sensory information used by animals in gravel-bed rivers are assessed by considering how the physical nature of sensory signals are affected by river hydromorphology. In addition, the physical processes that animals have the potential to directly perceive are discussed. Understanding the environmental phenomena that animals directly perceive will substantially improve understanding of what controls animal distributions, shifting emphasis from identifying correlations between biotic and abiotic factors to a better appreciation of causation, with benefits for successful management.

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“…Nonlethal injuries could result in altered physiological states, including changes in scale loss, hormone levels, sensory detection, tissue damage, embolisms, and/or changes in behaviors that increase the risk of exposure to predation by piscivorous fish, marine mammals, and avian species (Linton et al 1985;Popper et al 2004;Scheer et al 2009). Barotrauma can be expressed as overinflated or ruptured swim bladders and stomachs, anal or stomach eversions, exophthalmia (bulging eyes), contusions, hemorrhaging, and extreme injuries such as lacerated organs (Linton et al 1985;Govoni et al 2003;Hannah and Matteson 2007;Scheer et al 2009).…”

Section: Barotraumamentioning

confidence: 99%

Compliance Monitoring of Underwater Blasting for Rock Removal at Warrior Point, Columbia River Channel Improvement Project, 2009/2010

Carlson¹,

Johnson²,

Woodley³

et al. 2011

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SummaryThe U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Portland District (USACE) conducted the 20-year Columbia River Channel Improvement Project (CRCIP) to deepen the navigation channel between Portland, Oregon and the Pacific Ocean to allow transit of fully loaded Panamax ships (100 ft wide, 600 to 700 ft long, and draft 45 to 50 ft). Blasting was necessary in a 1-mile stretch of the total ~100 miles of navigation channel to reach a depth of at least 44 ft in the Columbia River navigation channel. In the vicinity of Warrior Point, between river miles (RM) 87 and 88 near St. Helens, Oregon, the USACE used underwater blasting and dredging to remove about 300,000 yd 3 of a basalt rock formation. Blast events consisted of arrays of single charges with up to 78 charges per event. Usually there were one or two blast events per day between initiation of test blasting on November 1, 2009, and completion of production blasting on February 5, 2010. Over the course of the work, there were a total of 99 blasting events.The purpose of this report is to document methods and results of the compliance monitoring study for the blasting project at Warrior Point in the Columbia River. The permit for blasting operations granted by regulatory agencies required the USACE to monitor impacts on aquatic animal species, including marine mammals, diving birds, sturgeon, and salmonids. The USACE developed an approved monitoring plan and the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), in collaboration with the University of Washington and under contract to the USACE, performed compliance monitoring and reported results daily for all 99 blasting events. The USACE, in coordination with the regulatory agencies, used compliance monitoring data in near real-time to evaluate whether blasting operations were meeting standards set forth in the permit, most importantly, presence of marine mammals in the study area and take of salmonids as a result of blasting operations.The detailed objectives of compliance monitoring were to accomplish the following:• Prior to a blast -Survey a region, called the safety zone, that extends beyond the impact area 2,000 ft upstream and 2,000 ft downstream from the blasting location for the presence of marine mammals and protected birds and report their location to responsible parties prior to blasting.-Within the safety zone, pay particular attention for marine mammals in a 500-ft marine mammal monitoring zone around the blasting location.-Approximate the number of adult sturgeon likely to occur within the impact area during a blast.-Estimate the flux of adult-and juvenile-size salmon listed as endangered under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) into the impact area prior to blasting.• During a blast -Document the number of marine mammals in the safety zone and the 500-ft marine mammal monitoring zone at the blast site.-Measure blast impulse pressures.-Determine response of juvenile salmonids exposed to blast impulse pressures. iv• After a blast -Survey the impact area and enumerate the number of dead ESA-listed fish, recover as ...

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Anthropogenic Sound: Effects on the Behavior and Physiology of Fishes

Cited by 130 publications

References 0 publications

Echolocation-based foraging by harbor porpoises and sperm whales, including effects of noise and acoustic propagation

Echolocation-based foraging by harbor porpoises and sperm whales, including effects of noise and acoustic propagation

Animal perception in gravel-bed rivers: scales of sensing and environmental controls on sensory information

Compliance Monitoring of Underwater Blasting for Rock Removal at Warrior Point, Columbia River Channel Improvement Project, 2009/2010

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