Anthropogenic resource subsidies decouple predator–prey relationships

Rodewald, Amanda D.; Kearns, Laura J.; Shustack, Daniel P.

doi:10.1890/10-0863.1

Cited by 221 publications

(149 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…There is mixed evidence as to whether urban areas reliably contain more real and/or perceived threats than natural environments (Gering and Blair 1999;López-Flores et al 2009;Odewald and Earns 2011). Nevertheless, many (but not all) urban animals show reduced fear responses to threatening stimuli, most notably approaching humans (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal cognition in a human-dominated world

2016

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal cognition in a human-dominated world

2016

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“…We also found three papers focused on novel predator-prey dynamics (Rodewald et al 2011;Barbar et al 2015;Malpass, Rodewald and Matthews 2015). Urbanized environments significantly alter trophic interactions in many ways, including winnowing species pools to generalist organisms capable of surviving in highly modified habitats subject to high disturbance, resource subsidies, modified foraging dynamics, dispersal and other changes (Chace and Walsh 2006;McKinney 2006).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Ecological spillover dynamics of organisms from urban to natural landscapes

Spear

Grijalva

Michaels

et al. 2018

Journal of Urban Ecology

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Urbanization and anthropogenic development have fundamentally altered ecosystem dynamics on a global scale. Conservation and management of comparatively less modified landscapes adjacent to highly modified landscapes requires careful consideration of interactions between landscape types. Restoration or conservation of habitat within a developed matrix is generally thought to have beneficial effects on landscape-level ecological processes. We propose an ecological spillover framework to critically assess how restoring or conserving species populations within anthropogenically modified landscapes may affect adjacent wildland populations. Within the framework, the spillover process is divided into seven interconnected 'nodes', which identify points at which potential cause-effect relationships may exist between urban and wildland populations. The framework is useful for a wide range of project-specific ecological relationships, and can help scientists and managers identify knowledge gaps and weigh risk in conservation decision-making. We queried the conservation literature to identify research focused on the impacts of urban species populations on regional wildland populations. Our search revealed seven ecological processes that have the potential to be affected by urban to wildland spillover and we found relatively few studies that explicitly analyze spillover effects from urban to wildland areas. Organisms living in urban areas within restored or remnant habitats located in an urban matrix, or within the built environment have largely unknown effects on landscape-level ecological processes. We conclude with a discussion on the critical gaps in research linking these habitats to larger landscape-level ecological understanding, and provide recommendations for research priorities that might illuminate this important aspect of 21st century conservation planning.

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“…Nest success in groundnesting birds is strongly affected by predation (Sargeant et al 1998, Schroeder and Baydack 2001, Moynahan et al 2007, Coates and Delehanty 2010. If nest site selection is adaptive, wherein the choice of where to locate a nest is directly related to success, predation as a key selective force could establish a well-defined range of conditions, locally and at larger scales, under which a nesting attempt will succeed (keeping in mind that predator subsidization and its effects on adaptive habitat selection alter this argument; Dzialak et al 2011, Rodewald et al 2011). Another consideration is that, in many bird species including sage-grouse, selection of the nest location is constrained by fidelity to previous nesting areas (Berry andEng 1985, Fischer et al 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial generality of predicted occurrence models of nesting habitat for the greater sage‐grouse

Dzialak¹,

Olson²,

Harju³

et al. 2013

Ecosphere

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Abstract. We investigated generality of resource-based models of predicted occurrence as part of an effort in spatial prioritization of habitat for conservation in shrub-steppe landscapes of western North America. Using GPS telemetry data on the greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus), we investigated whether spatial models developed in particular regions of Wyoming, USA were generalizable to other portions of the state, whether generality versus region-specificity were mediated by behavior state, and why models were either general or region-specific (i.e., what factors constrained versus promoted generality). The behavior states we examined were nest-site selection, and resource selection during nesting off-bouts. We tested generality by developing models within the region at which location data were collected, applying models across regions (3 different hydrologic basins), using independent location data to validate, and subsequently analyzing a validation parameter (Spearman's rho) in a beta regression model. In a spatial application, we combined information on nest site selection and off-bout occurrence to develop predictive occurrence maps that account for multiple biological processes influencing occurrence during the nesting period. Models of nest site occurrence showed considerable generality, but models of occurrence during off-bouts did not. Habitat-occurrence relationships associated with generality included inter-region consistency in sagebrush coverage, and importance (selection/avoidance) of linear features (rights-of-way) and natural gas wells. Relationships associated with region-specificity included importance of mesic habitat and bare ground. These findings suggest generality is mediated by behavior state, with certain behavior more generalizable than other behavior. Features of generalizable behavior included a relatively well-defined niche and historical constraints (in this case, nest-area fidelity); features of region-specificity included influences on behavior that were more local/variable in space and time (i.e., functional responses). Implications for conservation are that, in the shrub-steppe and perhaps other systems, a steadfast need for region-specific data to parameterize occurrence models is not universal, with some behavior (i.e., nest-site selection) amenable to spatial prediction across large areas based on relationships identified in the species elsewhere.

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Anthropogenic resource subsidies decouple predator–prey relationships

Cited by 221 publications

References 56 publications

Animal cognition in a human-dominated world

Animal cognition in a human-dominated world

Ecological spillover dynamics of organisms from urban to natural landscapes

Spatial generality of predicted occurrence models of nesting habitat for the greater sage‐grouse

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