Anthropogenic fine aerosol and black carbon distribution over urban environment

Abstract

Real-time black carbon (BC) and fine particulate matter (PM) were collected from January to December 2017 with a portable Aethalometer and air sampler in the urban environment of Jamshedpur, India. In the present study, the diurnal and seasonal variations of BC and meteorological variables were analysed. The diurnal variation of BC ranged from 2.1 to 15.5 gm-3, with the lowest concentration during the monsoon season and the highest during the winter season, because in monsoon most of the BC and PM are settled down. The annual mean BC mass concentration was observed at 6.22 ± 3.95 µgm−3. While, fine PM2.5 varied from 41.6 to 260.3 µgm-3, with an annual mean of 97.49 ± 63.52 µgm−3. During monsoon, the BC mass concentration shows a value of ˂ 3 µgm−3. Additionally, the percentage contribution of BC in PM2.5 was determined to be around 5.06% (winter), 6.32% (summer), 5.20% (monsoon), and 7.21% (post-monsoon). The change in BC concerning different meteorological parameters was systematically studied, in which an exciting inverse relationship was noticed between BC concentration and temperature. The correlation between BC and wind speed was also established as a negative connection during study periods. It also observed a negative correlation with precipitation. Finally, the air back trajectory was analysed using the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT), which revealed that the essential campaign of aerosol-bounded air parcels was mostly coming from the western part of India, with some marine air masses also joining from the Bay of Bengal during summer and post-monsoon. Overall study shows that highest BC and PM2.5 was observed in the winter season because of mixed layer height (MLH).

Geological and Mineralogical Analysis of Phosphorites in the Jebel Dhyr Syncline, Eastern Algerian Atlas

“…Nearly every industry requires minerals as essential inputs for their operations (Zeqiri et al 2019;Fredj et al 2020;Kerbati et al 2020;Zerzour et al 2020Zerzour et al , 2021. Valuable chemical elements and useful minerals can be found in rocks, soils, and water (Nekkoub et al 2020;Benmarce et al 2021;Orabi et al 2023;Sankar et al 2023). Phosphorite is a vital resource that is essential for agriculture, as it is a primary source of phosphorus for fertilizers (Gadri et al 2015;Rais et al 2017;Dahoua et al 2018;Anis et al 2019; Barra et al 2019;Zhang et al 2019).…”