Anthropogenic environmental change and the emergence of infectious diseases in wildlife

Daszak, Peter; Cunningham, Andrew A.; Hyatt, Alex D.

doi:10.1016/s0001-706x(00)00179-0

Cited by 791 publications

(659 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…Evidence linking anthropogenic stressors to unusual patterns of disease and mortality in marine mammals has accumulated over the past decade (Ross et al, 1996;Harvell et al, 1999;Fair and Becker, 2000;Daszak et al, 2001). Habitat degradation, pollutants, municipal runoff, global climate change, and overharvest of marine resources are likely to have complex effects that both directly and indirectly affect marine mammal health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of Mortality in Southern Sea Otters (Enhydra Lutris Nereis) From 1998–2001

Kreuder

Miller

Jessup

et al. 2003

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

230

177

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Detailed postmortem examination of southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) found along the California (USA) coast has provided an exceptional opportunity to understand factors influencing survival in this threatened marine mammal species. In order to evaluate recent trends in causes of mortality, the demographic and geographic distribution of causes of death in freshly deceased beachcast sea otters necropsied from 1998-2001 were evaluated. Protozoal encephalitis, acanthocephalan-related disease, shark attack, and cardiac disease were identified as common causes of death in sea otters examined. While infection with acanthocephalan parasites was more likely to cause death in juvenile otters, Toxoplasma gondii encephalitis, shark attack, and cardiac disease were more common in prime-aged adult otters. Cardiac disease is a newly recognized cause of mortality in sea otters and T. gondii encephalitis was significantly associated with this condition. Otters with fatal shark bites were over three times more likely to have preexisting T. gondii encephalitis suggesting that shark attack, which is a long-recognized source of mortality in otters, may be coupled with a recently recognized disease in otters. Spatial clusters of cause-specific mortality were detected for T. gondii encephalitis (in Estero Bay), acanthocephalan peritonitis (in southern Monterey Bay), and shark attack (from Santa Cruz to Point Añ o Nuevo). Diseases caused by parasites, bacteria, or fungi and diseases without a specified etiology were the primary cause of death in 63.8% of otters examined. Parasitic disease alone caused death in 38.1% of otters examined. This pattern of mortality, observed predominantly in juvenile and prime-aged adult southern sea otters, has negative implications for the overall health and recovery of this population.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of Mortality in Southern Sea Otters (Enhydra Lutris Nereis) From 1998–2001

Kreuder

Miller

Jessup

et al. 2003

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

230

177

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“…Environmental changes influencing this transmission can be of natural or anthropogenic origin, including human activities expansion, habitat fragmentation, reforestation, climate warming and pollution, and the emergence of diseases also involve biodiversity loss and increasing emergence and incidence of zoonosis (Patz et al 2000, Daszak et al 2001.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Serologic evidence of Leishmania infection in free-ranging wild and domestic canids around a Brazilian National Park

Curi

Miranda

Talamoni

2006

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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“…In rapidly-developing countries, like Brazil, deforestation, expansion of agriculture, and proximity of forests to urban areas may generate conflicts that jeopardise the health of the environment, but also may result in the dispersal of vectors and adaptation of pathogens to new hosts (Alexander et al, 2010;Daszak et al, 2001;Whiteman et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These carnivores are considered opportunistic and generalist, thus benefitting in part from some anthropogenic changes, such as the extra supply of food generated by the accumulation of wastes or even by plantations and livestock (Faria-Corrêa, 2004). These behavioural characteristics, associated with the fragmentation and loss of habitats, can be considered as the most significant negative factors for the conservation of wild carnivores, and may thus facilitate the meeting of these animals with individuals of Canis familiaris, thereby increasing the possibility spill-over of new microorganisms from these species to wild animals (Alexander et al, 2010;Courtenay et al, 2001;Daszak et al, 2001;Hübner et al, 2010;Mattos et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adenoviruses of canine and human origins in stool samples from free-living pampas foxes (<italic>Lycalopex gymnocercus</italic>) and crab-eating foxes (<italic>Cerdocyon thous</italic>) in São Francisco de Paula, Rio dos Sinos basin

et al. 2015

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The spread of enteric viruses of domestic animals and human beings to wild species can be facilitated by the resistance of these viruses on the environment and their ability to be transmitted by water and contaminated food. The health status of the populations of pampas foxes (Lycalopex gymnocercus) and crab-eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous) is largely unknown and the landscapes occupied by these animals in southern Brazil have been threatened by human occupation and expansion of agriculture. In this work, the search of genomes of human and canine adenoviruses in feces from these wild carnivores was used to track the dissemination of domestic animals and human pathogens to the free-living populations in a wildlife reserve located in southern Brazil. This was performed by virus-specific differential real-time polymerase chain reactions (qPCR) on stool specimens, avoiding capture and additional stress to the animals. Genus-specific conventional reverse-transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) was complementarily performed aiming the detection of enteroviruses (EV) and rotaviruses (RV) on these same samples. HAdV genomes were found on 14 out of the 17 (82.35%) stool samples analysed, whereas CAV was found co-infecting 5 of these samples. RV genomes were detected on 7 of the 17 samples (41.18%) and all samples were negative for EV. The results point to the dispersion of HAdV and RV at a high rate to these species of South American wild carnivores, which can be an effect of growing anthropisation of the habitat of these animals.Keywords: Lycalopex gymnocercus, Cerdocyon thous, adenovírus, rotavirus, enterovirus. Adenovírus de origens canina e humana em fezes de graxains (Lycalopex gymnocercus) e cachorros-do-mato (Cerdocyon thous) de vida livre em São Francisco de Paula, bacia do Rio dos Sinos ResumoA disseminação de vírus entéricos de animais domésticos e seres humanos para espécies selvagens pode ser facilitada pela resistência desses vírus no ambiente e sua capacidade de ser transmitida por água e alimentos contaminados. O estado de saúde das populações de Graxains-do-campo (Lycalopex gymnocercus) e Cachorros-do-mato (Cerdocyon thous) é em grande parte desconhecida e as paisagens ocupadas por estes animais no sul do Brasil têm sido ameaçadas pela ocupação humana e a expansão da agricultura. Neste trabalho, utilizou-se a pesquisa de genomas de adenovírus humanos (HAdV ) e caninos (CAV-1 e -2) em amostras fezes desses carnívoros selvagens com vistas a diagnosticar a disseminação de patógenos de animais domésticos e seres humanos às populações de vida livre em uma reserva de vida selvagem, localizado no sul do Brasil. Foram realizadas reações em cadeia da polimerase diferenciais e em tempo real (qPCR) de adenovírus específicos em amostras de fezes, evitando a captura e estresse adicional para os animais. PCRs gênero-específicas convencionais com transcrição reversa prévia (RT-PCR) foram ainda realizadas visando a detecção de enterovírus (EV) e rotavírus (RV) nestas mesmas amostras. Genomas de HAdV foram encontrados em 14 a 17...

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Anthropogenic environmental change and the emergence of infectious diseases in wildlife

Cited by 791 publications

References 89 publications

Patterns of Mortality in Southern Sea Otters (Enhydra Lutris Nereis) From 1998–2001

Patterns of Mortality in Southern Sea Otters (Enhydra Lutris Nereis) From 1998–2001

Serologic evidence of Leishmania infection in free-ranging wild and domestic canids around a Brazilian National Park

Adenoviruses of canine and human origins in stool samples from free-living pampas foxes (<italic>Lycalopex gymnocercus</italic>) and crab-eating foxes (<italic>Cerdocyon thous</italic>) in São Francisco de Paula, Rio dos Sinos basin

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