Anthropogenic emissions in Nigeria and implications for atmospheric ozone pollution: A view from space

Marais, Eloïse A.; Jacob, Daniel J.; Wecht, K.; Lerot, Christophe; Zhang, Lin; Yu, Karen; Kurosu, Thomas P.; Chance, K.; Sauvage, Bastien

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.09.055

Cited by 82 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Figure 7 shows the effect of African isoprene emissions (using OMI-derived emission factors) on surface concentrations of daily maximum 8 h average (MDA8) O 3 , particulate matter (PM), NO x , and OH. The largest effect on O 3 is over western Africa because of high anthropogenic, soil, and biomass burning NO x emissions (Marais et al, 2014). The largest effect on PM is also over western Africa and reflects the availability of high preexisting primary PM from combustion (biomass burning and fuel) on which isoprene oxidation products can condense.…”

Section: Implications For Oxidants and Aerosolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scenes affected by biomass burning are excluded on the basis of MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) satellite observations of fire counts and OMI satellite observations of aerosol absorption optical depth (AAOD) (Torres et al, 2007). Scenes affected by gas flaring are excluded on the basis of a specialized hotspot product from the Advanced Along Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR) satellite sensor , and this leads to the exclusion of much of Nigeria where that source is particularly large and urban and industrial sources may contribute as well (Marais et al, 2014). Marais et al (2012) thus obtained a 2005-2009 monthly data set of vertical HCHO columns with 1 • × 1 • spatial resolution screened against biomass burning and anthropogenic influences and thus attributable to isoprene emissions (Fig.…”

Section: Omi-derived Isoprene Emissions In Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improved model of isoprene emissions in Africa using Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) satellite observations of formaldehyde: implications for oxidants and particulate matter

et al. 2014

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Abstract. We use a 2005-2009 record of isoprene emissions over Africa derived from Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) satellite observations of formaldehyde (HCHO) to better understand the factors controlling isoprene emission in the continent and evaluate the impact on atmospheric composition. OMI-derived isoprene emissions show large seasonality over savannas driven by temperature and leaf area index (LAI), and much weaker seasonality over equatorial forests driven by temperature. The commonly used MEGAN (Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature, version 2.1) global isoprene emission model reproduces this seasonality but is biased high, particularly for equatorial forests, when compared to OMI and relaxed-eddy accumulation measurements. Isoprene emissions in MEGAN are computed as the product of an emission factor E o , LAI, and activity factors dependent on environmental variables. We use the OMI-derived emissions to provide improved estimates of E o that are in good agreement with direct leaf measurements from field campaigns (r = 0.55, bias = −19 %). The largest downward corrections to MEGAN E o values are for equatorial forests and semi-arid environments, and this is consistent with latitudinal transects of isoprene over western Africa from the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA) aircraft campaign. Total emission of isoprene in Africa is estimated to be 77 Tg C a −1 , compared to 104 Tg C a −1 in MEGAN. Simulations with the GEOSChem oxidant-aerosol model suggest that isoprene emissions increase mean surface ozone in western Africa by up to 8 ppbv, and particulate matter by up to 1.5 µg m −3 , due to coupling with anthropogenic influences.

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Section: Implications For Oxidants and Aerosolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Omi-derived Isoprene Emissions In Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved model of isoprene emissions in Africa using Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) satellite observations of formaldehyde: implications for oxidants and particulate matter

et al. 2014

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“…Other megacities in which vehicles are cited as the top or among the top sources of ozone precursors are Cairo, Delhi, Istanbul, Los Angeles, New York, Mexico City, Sao Paulo and the Ruhr-Rhein metropolitan region (Chelani, 2012;de Fatima et al, 2012;Parrish et al, 2011;Khoder, 2009;Im and Kanakidou, 2012;Melkonyan and Kuttler, 2012;Bon et al, 2011). In cities like Lagos in Nigeria it is a combination of traffic and open biomass burning driving large ozone exceedances from emission of NMVOCs (Marais et al, 2014).…”

Section: Megacitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tropospheric ozone and its precursors from the urban to the global scale from air quality to short-lived climate forcer

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Ozone holds a certain fascination in atmospheric science. It is ubiquitous in the atmosphere, central to tropospheric oxidation chemistry, yet harmful to human and ecosystem health as well as being an important greenhouse gas. It is not emitted into the atmosphere but is a byproduct of the very oxidation chemistry it largely initiates. Much effort is focused on the reduction of surface levels of ozone owing to its health and vegetation impacts, but recent efforts to achieve reductions in exposure at a country scale have proved difficult to achieve owing to increases in background ozone at the zonal hemispheric scale. There is also a growing realisation that the role of ozone as a short-lived climate pollutant could be important in integrated air quality climate change mitigation. This review examines current understanding of the processes regulating tropospheric ozone at global to local scales from both measurements and models. It takes the view that knowledge across the scales is important for dealing with air quality and climate change in a synergistic manner. The review shows that there remain a number of clear challenges for ozone such as explaining surface trends, incorporating new chemical understanding, ozone-climate coupling, and a better assessment of impacts. There is a clear and present need to treat ozone across the range of scales, a transboundary issue, but with an emphasis on the hemispheric scales. New observational opportunities are offered both by satellites and small sensors that bridge the scales.

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“…Measurement of total methane columns by solar backscatter began with SCIAMACHY in and continues to the present with Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) launched in 2009 (Kuze et al, 2016). Satellite measurements of atmospheric methane have been used to detect emission hotspots Kort et al, 2014;Marais et al, 2014;Buchwitz et al, 2016) and to estimate emission trends Turner et al, 2016). They have been used in global inverse analyses to estimate emissions on regional scales (Bergamaschi et al, 2007(Bergamaschi et al, , 2009Monteil et al, 2013;Cressot et al, 2014;Wecht et al, 2014a;Alexe et al, 2015;.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Satellite observations of atmospheric methane and their value for quantifying methane emissions

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Methane is a greenhouse gas emitted by a range of natural and anthropogenic sources. Atmospheric methane has been measured continuously from space since 2003, and new instruments are planned for launch in the near future that will greatly expand the capabilities of space-based observations. We review the value of current, future, and proposed satellite observations to better quantify and understand methane emissions through inverse analyses, from the global scale down to the scale of point sources and in combination with suborbital (surface and aircraft) data. Current global observations from Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) are of high quality but have sparse spatial coverage. They can quantify methane emissions on a regional scale (100-1000 km) through multiyear averaging. The Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI), to be launched in 2017, is expected to quantify daily emissions on the regional scale and will also effectively detect large point sources. A different observing strategy by GHGSat (launched in June 2016) is to target limited viewing domains with very fine pixel resolution in order to detect a wide range of methane point sources. Geostationary observation of methane, still in the proposal stage, will have the unique capability of mapping source regions with high resolution, detecting transient "super-emitter" point sources and resolving diurnal variation of emissions from sources such as wetlands and manure. Exploiting these rapidly expanding satellite measurement capabilities to quantify methane emissions requires a parallel effort to construct high-quality spatially and sectorally resolved emission inventories. Partnership between top-down inverse analyses of atmospheric data and bottom-up construction of emission inventories is crucial to better understanding methane emission processes and subsequently informing climate policy.

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Anthropogenic emissions in Nigeria and implications for atmospheric ozone pollution: A view from space

Cited by 82 publications

References 65 publications

Improved model of isoprene emissions in Africa using Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) satellite observations of formaldehyde: implications for oxidants and particulate matter

Improved model of isoprene emissions in Africa using Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) satellite observations of formaldehyde: implications for oxidants and particulate matter

Tropospheric ozone and its precursors from the urban to the global scale from air quality to short-lived climate forcer

Satellite observations of atmospheric methane and their value for quantifying methane emissions

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