Anthropogenic Contaminants and Histopathological Findings in Stranded Cetaceans in the Southeastern United States, 2012–2018

Page-Karjian, Annie; Lo, Catherine F.; Ritchie, Branson W.; Harms, Craig A.; Rotstein, David S.; Han, Sushan; Hassan, Sayed M.; Lehner, Andreas F.; Buchweitz, John P.; Thayer, Victoria G.; Sullivan, Jill M.; Christiansen, Emily F.; Perrault, Justin R.

doi:10.3389/fmars.2020.00630

Cited by 33 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…In our study, BPA concentrations ranged from 4.16 to 166 ng g –1 dw, which were in the same order of magnitude as the levels in dolphins from the Macaronesian region, North Atlantic Ocean . However, the highest BPA concentration from this study was much lower than the top level of BPA (397.4 μg g –1 dw) reported in the blubber samples from stranded white-beaked dolphins (Lagenorhynchus albirostris) in the southeastern United States …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 46%

“…35 However, the highest BPA concentration from this study was much lower than the top level of BPA (397.4 μg g −1 dw) reported in the blubber samples from stranded white-beaked dolphins (Lagenorhynchus albirostris) in the southeastern United States. 34 3.2. Temporal Trends of Bisphenols in Juveniles and Adults.…”

Section: Bisphenol Levels and Their Variations Related Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the marine ecosystem, as a final destination for anthropogenic chemicals, bisphenol analogues (BPs) are ubiquitous pollutants to varieties of habitats and organisms. , However, limited studies have focused on the residues of BPs in cetaceans, , which are potential biosentinels of anthropogenic organic contaminants on human health and marine ecosystems. BPA and its analogues have previously been detected in the PRE seawater, sediments, shellfish, and fish. , In the PRE, the BP levels in fish have increased more than 10-fold in the past decade .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cross-Generational Impacts of Diet Shift on Bisphenol Analogue Loads in Indo-Pacific Humpback Dolphins (Sousa chinensis)

Guo

Zhang

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Bisphenol analogues (BPs) are ubiquitous pollutants to marine organisms as endocrine disruptive chemicals. However, the residue contamination and the trophic transfer of BPs in the apex predator nearshore dolphins are poorly studied. Here, we measured the concentrations of six BPs, including bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol AF (BPAF), bisphenol B (BPB), bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol P (BPP), and bisphenol S (BPS) in the liver of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis) (n = 75) collected from the Pearl River Estuary during a period with significant dietary changes (2004−2020). BPA and BPAF were the dominant components of the residue ∑BPs in the liver, with a proportion of 80%. Sex, maturity, and stranding location had no significant effects on BP levels. The generalized additive models indicated that BPA levels in juveniles and adults decreased from 2004 to 2013 while increasing from 2013 to 2020. The temporal trend of BPA levels was likely driven by the shift of the dominant diet from Harpadon nehereus to Thryssa spp. The concurrent increase of BPA loads in calves and juveniles and adults over the recent decades suggested that the diet-mediated variations of maternal BPA levels could be redistributed to their offspring.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 46%

Section: Bisphenol Levels and Their Variations Related Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cross-Generational Impacts of Diet Shift on Bisphenol Analogue Loads in Indo-Pacific Humpback Dolphins (Sousa chinensis)

Guo

Zhang

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…In addition to cyanotoxins, anthropogenic contaminates (ACs) generated by agricultural and industrial processes can persist in the aquatic environment, are poorly metabolized, and can cause toxicity. ACs are potential threats to dolphins and other marine mammals [ 18 ]. ACs such as methylmercury (MeHg), a potent neurotoxicant, can also biomagnify in the marine food web and concentrate in the brain [ 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

BMAA, Methylmercury, and Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration in Dolphins: A Natural Model of Toxin Exposure

Garamszegi

Banack

et al. 2021

Toxins

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Dolphins are well-regarded sentinels for toxin exposure and can bioaccumulate a cyanotoxin called β-N-methylamino-l-alanine (BMAA) that has been linked to human neurodegenerative disease. The same dolphins also possessed hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), suggesting a possible association between toxin exposure and neuropathology. However, the mechanisms of neurodegeneration in dolphins and the impact cyanotoxins have on these processes are unknown. Here, we evaluate BMAA exposure by investigating transcription signatures using PCR for dolphin genes homologous to those implicated in AD and related dementias: APP, PSEN1, PSEN2, MAPT, GRN, TARDBP, and C9orf72. Immunohistochemistry and Sevier Münger silver staining were used to validate neuropathology. Methylmercury (MeHg), a synergistic neurotoxicant with BMAA, was also measured using PT-GC-AFS. We report that dolphins have up to a three-fold increase in gene transcription related to Aβ+ plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, neuritic plaques, and TDP-43+ intracytoplasmic inclusions. The upregulation of gene transcription in our dolphin cohort paralleled increasing BMAA concentration. In addition, dolphins with BMAA exposures equivalent to those reported in AD patients displayed up to a 14-fold increase in AD-type neuropathology. MeHg was detected (0.16–0.41 μg/g) and toxicity associated with exposure was also observed in the brain. These results demonstrate that dolphins develop neuropathology associated with AD and exposure to BMAA and MeHg may augment these processes.

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“…The asexual stage of T. gondii begins after the ingestion of oocysts or the tissue cysts ( Figure 5 ). Studies demonstrated that the toxoplasmosis lesions in cetaceans were non-suppurative meningoencephalitis and choroiditis, lymphoplasmacytic perivascular cuffs, gliosis, neuronal degeneration, necrosis, abortion, and may lead to a decline in health, contributing to stranding and mortality events [ 25 , 35 , 36 , 37 ]. Reproduction and population health effects can be huge for threatened populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Field-Deployable Insulated Isothermal PCR (iiPCR) for the Global Surveillance of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Cetaceans

Hsieh

Yang

2022

Animals

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Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease with veterinary and public health importance worldwide. Toxoplasma gondii infection in cetaceans is an indicator of land-to-sea oocyst pollution. However, there is a critical knowledge gap within the distribution of the T. gondii infection in cetaceans. To facilitate the global surveillance of this important zoonotic pathogen, we developed a field-deployable duplex insulated isothermal PCR (iiPCR) with automated magnetic bead-based DNA extraction for the on-site detection of T. gondii in stranded cetaceans. It targets the B1 gene of T. gondii combined with β2-microglobulin (B2M) gene of cetaceans as an internal control. Compared with the conventional qPCR assay, B1/B2M duplex iiPCR assay showed comparable sensitivity (21~86 bradyzoites in 25 mg of tissue) to detect spike-in standard of T. gondii DNA in cerebrum, cerebellum, skeletal muscle and myocardium tissues. Moreover, the overall agreement between the duplex iiPCR and qPCR was in almost perfect agreement (92%; 95% CI: 0.78–0.90; κ = 0.84) in detecting a synthetic spike-in standards. The B1/B2M iiPCR assay coupled with a field-deployable system provides a prompt (~1.5 h), feasible, highly sensitive and specific on-site diagnostic tool for T. gondii in stranded cetaceans. This platform provides one approach to evaluating aquatic ecosystem health and developing early warnings about negative impacts on humans and marine animals.

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Anthropogenic Contaminants and Histopathological Findings in Stranded Cetaceans in the Southeastern United States, 2012–2018

Cited by 33 publications

References 111 publications

Cross-Generational Impacts of Diet Shift on Bisphenol Analogue Loads in Indo-Pacific Humpback Dolphins (Sousa chinensis)

Cross-Generational Impacts of Diet Shift on Bisphenol Analogue Loads in Indo-Pacific Humpback Dolphins (Sousa chinensis)

BMAA, Methylmercury, and Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration in Dolphins: A Natural Model of Toxin Exposure

A Field-Deployable Insulated Isothermal PCR (iiPCR) for the Global Surveillance of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Cetaceans

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