Anthropogenic CO<sub>2</sub> inventory of the Indian Ocean

Sabine, C.; Key, R. M.; Johnson, K.M.; Millero, F.; Poisson, Alain; Sarmiento, J. L.; Wallace, D. W. R.; Winn, Christopher D.

doi:10.1029/1998gb900022

Cited by 215 publications

(302 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The Indian Ocean cruise IO6 along 30° E was included in the Atlantic synthesis as a boundary cruise between the Indian and Atlantic oceans. Data from IO6 were consistent with other Indian Ocean data based on similar quality checks , Sabine et al 1999). The correlation coefficient, standard error, and coefficients for the best-fit equations obtained from the controls for each region for depths greater than 1500 m are as follows.…”

Section: The Regional Multiple-parameter Linear Regression Methods Forsupporting

confidence: 71%

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Comparison of Inorganic Carbon System Parameters Measured in the Atlantic Ocean from 1990 to 1998 and Recommended Adjustments

Wanninkhof¹

2003

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Section: The Regional Multiple-parameter Linear Regression Methods Forsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…1, Table 1). Such comparisons have been made for oceanic carbon parameters in the Indian Ocean , Sabine et al 1999) and the Pacific Ocean (Lamb et al 2001). Similar comparisons are under way for nutrient data (Gordon et al 1998) and CFC data (Smethie, personal communication).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Comparison of Inorganic Carbon System Parameters Measured in the Atlantic Ocean from 1990 to 1998 and Recommended Adjustments

Wanninkhof¹

2003

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“…Anthropogenic CO 2 in the tropical north Indian Ocean generally penetrates deeper than in the tropical Atlantic and Pacific. This primarily reflects the introduction of relatively young, dense waters that are high in anthropogenic CO 2 from the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf (8,(15)(16). Excess evaporation in these regions increases the salinity and density of the waters, which sink and carry the anthropogenic CO 2 with them.…”

Section: Distribution and Inventories Of Anthropogenic Co 2 In The Oceanmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The final data set consists of 9618 hydrographic stations collected on 95 cruises, which represents the most accurate and comprehensive view of the global ocean inorganic carbon distribution available (6). As individual basins were completed, the ocean tracer based C* method (7) was used to separate the anthropogenic CO 2 component from the measured DIC concentrations (8)(9)(10). Here we synthesize the individual ocean estimates to provide an ocean data-constrained global estimate of the cumulative oceanic sink for anthropogenic CO 2 for the period from ~1800 to 1994 (11).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Oceanic Sink for Anthropogenic CO ₂

Sabine

Feely

Gruber

et al. 2004

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Using inorganic carbon measurements from an international survey effort in the 1990s and a tracer based separation technique, we estimate a global oceanic anthropogenic CO 2 sink for the period from 1800 to 1994 of 118±19 Pg C. The oceanic sink accounts for ~48% of the total fossil fuel and cement manufacturing emissions, implying that the terrestrial biosphere was a net source of CO 2 to the atmosphere of about 39±28 Pg C for this period. The current fraction of total anthropogenic CO 2 emissions stored in the ocean appears to be about one third of the long term potential.

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“…Simulations with the four models that participated in the first phase of OCMIP, all suggest that the Southern Ocean is a region of large uptake of anthropogenic CO 2 , with the models giving widely different views of the regional distribution of this uptake (Orr et al, 2001). Evaluation of the performance of these models is based on their comparison with data-based estimates for anthropogenic CO 2 (Gruber et al, 1996;Sabine et al, 1999) and bomb C-14 (Broecker et al, 1995). However, these data-based estimates may be subject to large systematic errors in some regions such as the Southern Ocean.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of ocean model ventilation with CFC-11: comparison of 13 global ocean models

et al. 2002

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We compared the 13 models participating in the Ocean Carbon Model Intercomparison Project (OCMIP) with regards to their skill in matching observed distributions of CFC-11. This analysis characterizes the abilities of these models to ventilate the ocean on timescales relevant for anthropogenic CO uptake. We found a large range in the modeled global inventory (AE30%), mainly due to differences in ventilation from the high latitudes. In the Southern Ocean, models differ particularly in the longitudinal distribution of the CFC uptake in the intermediate water, whereas the latitudinal distribution is mainly controlled by the subgrid-scale parameterization. Models with isopycnal diffusion and eddy-induced velocity parameterization produce more realistic intermediate water ventilation. Deep and bottom water ventilation also varies substantially between the models. Models coupled to a sea-ice model systematically provide more realistic AABW formation source region; however these same models also largely overestimate AABW ventilation if no specific parameterization of brine rejection during sea-ice formation is included. In the North Pacific Ocean, all models exhibit a systematic large underestimation of the CFC uptake in the thermocline of the subtropical gyre, while no systematic difference toward the observations is found in the subpolar gyre. In the North Atlantic Ocean, the CFC uptake is globally underestimated in subsurface. In the deep ocean, all but the adjoint model, failed to produce the two recently ventilated branches observed in the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW). Furthermore, simulated transport in the Deep Western Boundary Current (DWBC) is too sluggish in all but the isopycnal model, where it is too rapid. Ó

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Anthropogenic CO₂ inventory of the Indian Ocean

Cited by 215 publications

References 48 publications

Comparison of Inorganic Carbon System Parameters Measured in the Atlantic Ocean from 1990 to 1998 and Recommended Adjustments

Comparison of Inorganic Carbon System Parameters Measured in the Atlantic Ocean from 1990 to 1998 and Recommended Adjustments

The Oceanic Sink for Anthropogenic CO ₂

Evaluation of ocean model ventilation with CFC-11: comparison of 13 global ocean models

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Anthropogenic CO2 inventory of the Indian Ocean

Cited by 215 publications

References 48 publications

Comparison of Inorganic Carbon System Parameters Measured in the Atlantic Ocean from 1990 to 1998 and Recommended Adjustments

Comparison of Inorganic Carbon System Parameters Measured in the Atlantic Ocean from 1990 to 1998 and Recommended Adjustments

The Oceanic Sink for Anthropogenic CO 2

Evaluation of ocean model ventilation with CFC-11: comparison of 13 global ocean models

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Anthropogenic CO₂ inventory of the Indian Ocean

The Oceanic Sink for Anthropogenic CO ₂