Anthropogenic Chromium Emissions in China from 1990 to 2009

Abstract

An inventory of chromium emission into the atmosphere and water from anthropogenic activities in China was compiled for 1990 through to 2009. We estimate that the total emission of chromium to the atmosphere is about 1.92×105t. Coal and oil combustion were the two leading sources of chromium emission to the atmosphere in China, while the contribution of them showed opposite annual growth trend. In total, nearly 1.34×104t of chromium was discharged to water, mainly from six industrial categories in 20 years. Among them, the metal fabrication industry and the leather tanning sector were the dominant sources of chromium emissions, accounting for approximately 68.0% and 20.0% of the total emissions and representing increases of15.6% and 10.3% annually, respectively. The spatial trends of Cr emissions show significant variation based on emissions from 2005 to 2009. The emission to the atmosphere was heaviest in Hebei, Shandong, Guangdong, Zhejiang and Shanxi, whose annual emissions reached more than 1000t for the high level of coal and oil consumption. In terms of emission to water, the largest contributors were Guangdong, Jiangsu, Shandong and Zhejiang, where most of the leather production and metal manufacturing occur and these four regions accounted for nearly 47.4% of the total emission to water.

Heavy Metals Size Distribution in PM10 and Environmental-Sanitary Risk Analysis in Acerra (Italy)

“…Ni is often described as a trace element in petroleum but it is also derived from the burning of lubricant oil [42], then the above mentioned differences between the concentrations registered during the autumn/winter and spring/summer semesters should be correlated to heating. Cr shows many anthropogenic sources, in particular coal burning and waste incineration [43]. Co showed EnF values near to 10 that can be attributed to industrial activities.…”

Potassium Dichromate Toxicities: Protective Effect of Methanol Extract of Corchorus olitorius in Albino Rats

“…Occupational exposure to chromate occurs in manufacturing industries such as those involved in pigment production, chrome plating, welding, leather tanning, and painting. 1,2 Effluents from these industries contaminate drinking water and consequently the food chain. [1][2][3] Diseases such as ischemic heart diseases and diabetes have therefore been reported in individuals exposed to chromates in drinking water and industrial settings.…”

“…1,2 Effluents from these industries contaminate drinking water and consequently the food chain. [1][2][3] Diseases such as ischemic heart diseases and diabetes have therefore been reported in individuals exposed to chromates in drinking water and industrial settings. The exposure has also been associated with several cancers of the respiratory system and internal organs such as intestine, liver, and kidney.…”

Seasonal Variation of Heavy Metals Pollution in Soil and Date Palm Phoenix dactylifera L. Leaves at Basra Governorate /Iraq Written by Kearallah M.A. Al-Jabary, Jabbar D. Neama, Mohammed H.

“…The Cr level during the rainy season was exceeded permissible limits only at NS and QR sites, during the dry season at NS, QR, AK and HW. Since the oil combustion considered a second source of chromium emission to the atmosphere (Cheng et al, 2014), thus, activities that used oil combustion such as oil production activities at QR site and power generation at NS site could be the reason behind the high level of Cr at these sites.…”