Anthropogenic Change in the Landscapes of Highland Ecuador

Sarmiento, Fausto O.

doi:10.1111/j.1931-0846.2002.tb00005.x

Cited by 55 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…Millennia of Andean agriculture were interrupted by the impact of contact and conquest by Europeans 500 years BP, followed by abrupt declines in human population numbers and then the incorporation of new domesticated species and the development of novel land uses as rural populations slowly recovered (Gade, 1999;Sarmiento, 2003). Colonialism has continued consequences for landscapes (Sluyter, 2001).…”

Section: Andean Landscape Legaciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intervention strategies would need to be designed to permit species to occupy new locales through dispersal, and perhaps translocation, and to minimize noxious effects of land use in the dominant part of the landscape-the matrix. Donald and Evans (2006) recently evaluated ways that ecological restoration of matrix would help improve some ecosystem functions in agricultural landscapes; existing approaches to Andean restoration efforts (Sarmiento, 2003) would be reinvigorated with such goals.…”

Section: Future Geographies Of the Andes: Toward A Conceptual Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Andean Land Use and Biodiversity: Humanized Landscapes in a Time of Change

Young¹

2009

Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden

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Section: Andean Landscape Legaciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Future Geographies Of the Andes: Toward A Conceptual Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Andean Land Use and Biodiversity: Humanized Landscapes in a Time of Change

Young¹

2009

Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden

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“…Fires have occurred in the páramo during the whole Holocene (Sarmiento 2002). Most páramos in Ecuador are burned regularly, especially where they are used for livestock grazing (Laegaard 1992).…”

Section: Interpretation and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three millennia of vegetation and environmental dynamics in the Lagunas de Mojanda region, northern Ecuador

Villota

Behling

León‐Yánez

2017

Acta Palaeobotanica

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ABSTRACT. The pollen record from Lagunas de Mojanda, located at 3748 m a.s.l. (northern Ecuadorian Andes) reflects the vegetation and climate dynamics for the last ca 3400 cal yr BP. Páramo vegetation has been the main vegetation type since the beginning of the record. At Lagunas de Mojanda, from the last ca 3400 to 2200 cal yr BP, grass páramo was well represented mainly by Poaceae (40%) and the occurrence of Valeriana (5%), while montane forest taxa were poorly represented and subpáramo taxa were rare. The vegetation composition suggests cool and humid conditions. Between ca 2200 and ca 1300 cal yr BP, montane rainforest and subpáramo taxa had a higher presence but páramo taxa remained the main vegetation type in the study area, suggesting cool climatic conditions. From ca 1300 to ca 500 cal yr BP, páramo vegetation remained stable, with higher presence of Phlegmariurus and Isoetes, suggesting cool and humid conditions. The last ca 500 cal yr BP generally show lower frequency of montane rainforest and subpáramo taxa. Páramo vegetation reached the highest share, with the presence of Poaceae, Plantago and Ranunculus suggesting a trend of peat bog drying. Fires were present during the whole record, perhaps human-caused, but the study area does not show great disturbance except from ca 1300 to 500 cal yr BP, a period of an evident higher influx of charcoal particles coincidentally with nearby ancient human occupation.

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“…Whereas in dry climates, the drought-caused timberline (lower timberline, dry timberline) is located in the mountain foothills. In the Carpathians, where the climate is humid, this boundary does not occur, but centuries of human activity resulted in the formation of an agricultural and forest anthropogenic boundary (Adamczyk et al 1980;Sarmiento 2002; Kozak 2005).A significant environmental boundary is the upper forest boundary (timberline), which separates different vegetation zones. These zones are: (1) forest from non-forest (Piękoś-Mirkowa & Mirek 1996); climatic zones (2) cool from very cool (Hess 1965); geoecological zones (3) periglacial from temperate forest system (Kotarba & Starkel 1972; Kotarba 1996).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Timberline in the Carpathians: An overview

Czajka¹,

Łajczak²,

Kaczka³

et al. 2015

Geogr. Pol.

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In nature, division lines are delineated where multiple important environmental features change. These division lines may be singled out at the intersection of two geosystems (Balon 2000) where the functional uniformity of the geosystems located on both sides are preserved (Forman & Gordon 1986; Cadenasso et al. 2003). A significant environmental boundary is the upper forest boundary (timberline), which separates different vegetation zones: (1) forest from non-forest (Piękoś-Mirkowa & Mirek 1996); climatic zones (2) cool from very cool (Hess 1965); geoecological zones (3) periglacial from temperate forest system (Kotarba 1996). A timberline is a sensitive ecosystem therefore is a good indicator of changes occurring in the environment. There are, however, multiple elements which affect the timberline. This ecotone has also been widely analysed in local, regional, and even monographic studies of numerous massifs. It is necessary to present and organise the great amount of information in order to aid research on the timberline in the Carpathians. Key words boundaries in the mountain environment • timberline • CarpathiansThe notion of boundaries in the geographical environmentThe question of boundaries appears in every study involving a spatial dimension of research (German 2000). Based on their origin, three types of boundaries can be distinguished: natural, anthropogenic, and agreed (Armand 1980). In nature, the division lines may be singled out at the intersection of two geosystems, where multiple important environmental features change (Balon 2000). The functional uniformity of the geosystems located on both sides is then preserved (Forman & Gordon 1986; Cadenasso et al. 2003). Both biotic and abiotic as well as natural and anthropogenic factors affect the shape of the boundary. Natural boundaries are not usually sharp and have a transitional zone, called an ecotone. Elements from both areas occur in an ecotone, organisms from adjacent biocoenoses coexist, which leads to an increase in biodiversity ( Allen & Starr 1982; di Castri et al. 1988; Hansen & di Castri 1992). The bigger the difference between the adjacent environments, the narrower the ecotone zone. The features of an ecotone are determined by time, development, and function: permeability, durability, and flexibility (Hansen & di Castri 1992). Plants and animals achieving their environmental limit are exposed to tension and environmental stress. For that reason, an ecotone constitutes a good bioindicator of various changes occurring within the ecotone's range (Gosz & Sharpe 1989).A timberline is a good indicator of changes occurring in the environment. There are, however, multiple elements which affect a timberline. This ecotone has also been widely analysed in local, regional, and even monographic studies of numerous massifs. It was necessary to present and organise below, the great amount of available information for the purpose of researching the timberline in the Carpathians. The notion of timberlineSeveral boundaries can be distingu...

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Anthropogenic Change in the Landscapes of Highland Ecuador

Cited by 55 publications

References 39 publications

Andean Land Use and Biodiversity: Humanized Landscapes in a Time of Change

Andean Land Use and Biodiversity: Humanized Landscapes in a Time of Change

Three millennia of vegetation and environmental dynamics in the Lagunas de Mojanda region, northern Ecuador

Timberline in the Carpathians: An overview

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