Anthropogenic, Biogenic and Pyrogenic Emission Sources and Atmospheric Formaldehyde (Hcho) and Nitrogen Dioxide (No2) Columns Over Different Landuse/Landcovers of South Asia

Rana, Anchal

doi:10.15666/aeer/1705_1098911015

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…In the case of NO 2 and SO 2 , the increasing trend was 0.89 × 10 15 molecules/cm 2 per year and 0.54 DU/year during 2004-2021. Most parts of Pakistan are facing an increasing trend of NO 2 emissions, but the highest increasing trend was found in the central, southcentral, and southeast regions of Pakistan (Rana et al, 2019). Transportation, industries, and urban areas are contributing to the increase in NO 2 emissions in Pakistan (Pervaiz et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the potential footprints of land use and land cover and climate dynamics on atmospheric pollution in Pakistan

Dilawar,

Chen,

Ul-Haq

et al. 2024

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Evaluating the potential impacts of land use and land cover change (LULCC) and climate change on air pollution is crucial to unravel the driving forces and mechanisms behind changes in air quality. A multi-faceted approach was adopted, including a land change model (LCM) and Mann–Kendall (MK) test, to evaluate the transition of land cover type, changes in climate, and atmospheric pollutants during 2004–2021 in Pakistan. Moreover, a multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) model and a mathematical model were used to assess the potential contribution of LULCC and climate dynamics to atmospheric pollution. It was revealed that during 2004, croplands covered an area of 9.72 × 104 mile2, accounting for 38% of the total area. However, the area of the croplands increased to 10.1 × 104 mile2, accounting for 40% of the total area in 2021. The MK test showed that the north and west–south regions significantly experienced air pollution, with the increasing trend for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) being 0.89× 1015 molecules/cm2 per year and 0.54 DU/year, respectively. For climate variability, mean precipitation (Precp) and mean surface pressure (SP) showed a prominent increasing trend, with a maximum value of 1 mm/year and 0.01 Kpa/year, respectively. The mean temperature maximum (Tmax) showed an increasing and decreasing trend, with the highest value of 0.28°C/year and 0.08°C/year, respectively. In the context of contribution, the conversion of cropland to grasslands increased the trend for SO2 concentrations. The highest increasing trend of 1.5 DU for ozone (O3) was found due to conversion of grasslands to shrublands. Additionally, regional climate played a significant role in making air pollution stagnant across the country. Precp and wind speed (WS) contributed significantly in escalating NO2 concentrations in Pakistan, while Precp contributed most (0.004 DU) to increasing SO2 concentrations. For O3, the most influential climate factor was Precp. These results on a long-term temporal scale demonstrated how maintaining climate variability through comprehensive land use management can help improve ambient air quality in Pakistan.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the potential footprints of land use and land cover and climate dynamics on atmospheric pollution in Pakistan

Dilawar,

Chen,

Ul-Haq

et al. 2024

Front. Environ. Sci.

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“…It is worth mentioning that these types of strong spatial heterogeneity scenarios have been observed in different areas of the planet and specific studies of atmospheric constituents have been or are currently being performed in other urbanized and densely populated areas such as North America (Boeke et al, 2011;Chance et al, 2000;Millet et al, 2008); China (Cheng et al, 2015;Zhang et al, 2019), particularly in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region (Zhu et al, 2018); and the Yangtze River Delta area (Chan et al, 2019;Hong et al, 2018;Tian et al, 2018;Wang et al, 2016); and southern Asia (Rana et al, 2019), more specifically India (Chutia et al, 2019;Surl et al, 2018) and Pakistan (Khan et al, 2018;Khokhar et al, 2015). In addition specific case studies have been conducted globally (Wittrock et al, 2006) or in the Southern Hemisphere (Ahn et al, 2019), the Atlantic Ocean (Behrens et al, 2019) and the East China Sea (Tan et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formaldehyde total column densities over Mexico City: comparison between multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy and solar-absorption Fourier transform infrared measurements

et al. 2021

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Abstract. Formaldehyde (HCHO) total column densities over the Mexico City metropolitan area (MCMA) were retrieved using two independent measurement techniques: multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. For the MAX-DOAS measurements, the software QDOAS was used to calculate differential slant column densities (dSCDs) from the measured spectra and subsequently the Mexican MAX-DOAS fit (MMF) retrieval code to convert from dSCDs to vertical column densities (VCDs). The direct solar-absorption spectra measured with FTIR were analyzed using the PROFFIT (PROFile FIT) retrieval code. Typically the MAX-DOAS instrument reports higher VCDs than those measured with FTIR, in part due to differences found in the ground-level sensitivities as revealed from the retrieval diagnostics from both instruments, as the FTIR and the MAX-DOAS information do not refer exactly to the same altitudes of the atmosphere. Three MAX-DOAS datasets using measurements conducted towards the east, west or both sides of the measurement plane were evaluated with respect to the FTIR results. The retrieved MAX-DOAS HCHO VCDs where 6 %, 8 % and 28 % larger than the FTIR measurements which, supported with satellite data, indicates a large horizontal inhomogeneity in the HCHO abundances. The temporal change in the vertical distribution of this pollutant, guided by the evolution of the mixing-layer height, affects the comparison of the two retrievals with different sensitivities (total column averaging kernels). In addition to the reported seasonal and diurnal variability of HCHO columns within the urban site, background data from measurements at a high-altitude station, located only 60 km away, are presented.

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“…It is worth mentioning that these type of strong spatial heterogeneity scenarios have been observed in different areas of the planet and specific studies of atmospheric constituents have been or are currently being performed in other urbanized and densely populated areas such as North America (Boeke et al, 2011;Chance et al, 2000;Millet et al, 2008), China (Cheng et al, 2015;Zhang et al, 2019), particularly in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region (Zhu et al, 2018) and the Yangtze River Delta area (Chan et al, 2019;Hong et al, 2018;Tian et al, 2018;Wang et al, 2016); South Asia (Rana et al, 2019) and more specifically India (Chutia et al, 2019;Surl et al, 2018) and Pakistan (Khan et al, 2018;Khokhar et al, 2015). In addition specific case studies have been conducted globally (Wittrock et al, 2006) or in the Southern Hemisphere (Ahn et al, 2019), the Atlantic Ocean (Behrens et al, 2019) and the East China Sea (Tan et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formaldehyde total column densities over Mexico City: comparison between MAX-DOAS and solar absorption FTIR measurements

Cárdenas¹,

Guarín²,

Stremme³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. Formaldehyde (HCHO) total column densities over the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) were retrieved using two independent measurement techniques: Multi Axis – Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy. For the MAX-DOAS measurements, the software QDOAS was used to calculate differential Slant Column Densities (dSCDs) from the measured spectra and subsequently the Mexican MAX-DOAS Fit retrieval code (MMF) to convert from dSCDs to Vertical Column Densities (VCDs). The direct-solar absorption spectra measured with FTIR were analyzed using the PROFFIT retrieval code. Typically the MAX-DOAS instrument reports higher VCDs than those measured with FTIR, in part due to differences found in the ground-level sensitivities as revealed from the retrieval diagnostics from both instruments. Three MAX-DOAS datasets using measurements conducted towards the east, west or both sides of the measurement plane were evaluated with respect to the FTIR results. The retrieved MAX-DOAS HCHO VCDs where 5 %, 9 % and 28 % larger than the FTIR which, supported with satellite data, could demonstrate a large horizontal inhomogeneity in the HCHO abundances. A time-dependent comparison revealed that the vertical distribution of this pollutant, guided by the evolution of the mixing layer height, can play an important role in how the results are affected. Apart from the reported seasonal and diurnal variability of HCHO columns within the urban site, background data from measurements at a high-altitude station, located only 60 km away are presented.

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Anthropogenic, Biogenic and Pyrogenic Emission Sources and Atmospheric Formaldehyde (Hcho) and Nitrogen Dioxide (No2) Columns Over Different Landuse/Landcovers of South Asia

Abstract: Rana et al.: Anthropogenic, biogenic and pyrogenic emission sources and atmospheric formaldehyde (HCHO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) columns over different landuse/landcovers of South Asia -10989 -

Cited by 12 publications

References 61 publications

Evaluating the potential footprints of land use and land cover and climate dynamics on atmospheric pollution in Pakistan

Evaluating the potential footprints of land use and land cover and climate dynamics on atmospheric pollution in Pakistan

Formaldehyde total column densities over Mexico City: comparison between multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy and solar-absorption Fourier transform infrared measurements

Formaldehyde total column densities over Mexico City: comparison between MAX-DOAS and solar absorption FTIR measurements

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