Anthrax in Europe

Velimirović, B

doi:10.20506/rst.3.3.168

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The most striking example is represented by ANTXR2 that was found both under selection and associated with climate covariables, suggesting that anthrax could have exerted a strong selective pressure on Mediterranean cattle breeds. Indeed, this gene encodes the major receptor mediating in vivo lethality of the toxin produced by Bacillus anthracis (Arévalo et al, ; Liu, Zhang, Hoover, & Leppla, ) responsible for anthrax, the oldest known zoonosis with a worldwide distribution, severely affecting human and ruminants (Velimirovic, ). This disease, is thought to have originated in Egypt and Mesopotamia and to be depicted in ancient writings since 1,491 BC (Schwartz, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A link between climatic factors (i.e., temperature, precipitation pattern and solar radiation) and the onset of anthrax outbreaks have been established, as the spores of Bacillus anthracis are especially resistant in contaminated soils, where they can survive for years (Dorofeev & Blagoveshchenskaya, ; Hugh‐Jones & Blackburn, ). In particular, areas in Europe with a pronounced dry season, such as Mediterranean countries, have a higher prevalence of animal anthrax (Velimirovic, ). This disease could also have exerted strong selective pressure in cattle from other areas, ANTXR2 being found under selection in West‐African cattle (Gautier et al, ), and in other susceptible species since this gene was also found associated with climate variables in humans and sheep (Hancock et al, ; Lv et al, ) and correlated with pathogen diversity in humans (Fumagalli et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…in cardiovascular system or in development of urinary tract (e.g., (Velimirovic, 1984). This disease, is thought to have originated in Egypt and Mesopotamia and to be depicted in ancient writings since 1,491 BC (Schwartz, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A genomic map of climate adaptation in Mediterranean cattle breeds

et al. 2019

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Domestic species such as cattle (Bos taurus taurus and B. t. indicus) represent attractive biological models to characterize the genetic basis of short‐term evolutionary response to climate pressure induced by their post‐domestication history. Here, using newly generated dense SNP genotyping data, we assessed the structuring of genetic diversity of 21 autochtonous cattle breeds from the whole Mediterranean basin and performed genome‐wide association analyses with covariables discriminating the different Mediterranean climate subtypes. This provided insights into both the demographic and adaptive histories of Mediterranean cattle. In particular, a detailed functional annotation of genes surrounding variants associated with climate variations highlighted several biological functions involved in Mediterranean climate adaptation such as thermotolerance, UV protection, pathogen resistance or metabolism with strong candidate genes identified (e.g., NDUFB3, FBN1, METTL3, LEF1, ANTXR2 and TCF7). Accordingly, our results suggest that main selective pressures affecting cattle in Mediterranean area may have been related to variation in heat and UV exposure, in food resources availability and in exposure to pathogens, such as anthrax bacteria (Bacillus anthracis). Furthermore, the observed contribution of the three main bovine ancestries (indicine, European and African taurine) in these different populations suggested that adaptation to local climate conditions may have either relied on standing genomic variation of taurine origin, or adaptive introgression from indicine origin, depending on the local breed origins. Taken together, our results highlight the genetic uniqueness of local Mediterranean cattle breeds and strongly support conservation of these populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A genomic map of climate adaptation in Mediterranean cattle breeds

et al. 2019

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“…Although a very rare disease in western Europe and the USA, anthrax is still a common disease in parts of Africa, Latin America, Asia and eastern Europe 1,2 . In Europe, the major afflicted regions continue to be Mediterranean countries such as Spain, Greece and Turkey 3,4 . It is an endemic zoonosis in the eastern and southeastern parts of Turkey, where animal husbandry is the main source of income 5–10 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cutaneous anthrax in Eastern Turkey: a review of 85 cases

Karahocagil

Akdeniz

et al. 2008

Clin Exp Dermatol

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“…Europe (1,6). Eastern Europe and Mediterranean countries, such as Greece and Turkey, are majorly afflicted areas (7,8). It is endemic in the eastern and southeastern parts of Turkey where animal husbandry is the main source of income (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14).…”

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confidence: 99%

Clinical Findings in Children with Cutaneous Anthrax in Eastern Turkey

Akbayram

Doğan

Akgün

et al. 2010

Pediatric Dermatology

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Anthrax is a zoonosis produced by Bacillus anthracis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical findings, therapy, and outcome in children with cutaneous anthrax (CA). Data on age, gender, occupation, clinical symptoms and findings, location and type of lesions, clinical history, laboratory findings, treatment, and outcome were recorded from patients' medical records, retrospectively. The study included 65 patients between 1 month and 18 years old (9.0±4.0 years), 37 patients (56.9%) were male and 28 (43.1%) were female. Most of the patients (89.1%) were admitted in summer and autumn (p<0.001). Of the 65 patients, 20 patients (30.8%) had received antibiotherapy before admission to our hospital. All patients except one had a contact history with infected animals. A 1-month-old patient had a contact history with his mother who had CA. On clinical examination, anthrax edema was noted in 36 (55.3%) patients, anthrax pustule in 27 (41.5%), and anthrax edema and anthrax pustule in two (3%) patients. Gram staining and culture was positive for B. anthracis in 35 (53.8%) patients, and only Gram staining was positive in 10 (15.4%) patients. In the remaining 20 (30.8%) patients, the diagnosis was made by clinical findings. Because the anthrax outbreak in Turkey was associated with slaughtering or milking of ill cows, sheep, or goats, and handling raw meat without taking any protective measures, persons in the community must be educated about using personal protective equipment during slaughtering of animals and handling of meat and skins.

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Anthrax in Europe

Cited by 11 publications

References 5 publications

A genomic map of climate adaptation in Mediterranean cattle breeds

A genomic map of climate adaptation in Mediterranean cattle breeds

Cutaneous anthrax in Eastern Turkey: a review of 85 cases

Clinical Findings in Children with Cutaneous Anthrax in Eastern Turkey

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