Anthrax bio-surveillance of livestock in Arua District, Uganda, 2017–2018

Omodo, Michael; Gardela, Jaume; Namatovu, Alice; Okurut, Rose Ademun; Acham, Merab; Nakanjako, Maria Flavia; Israel, Mugezi; Isingoma, Emmauel; Moses, Mwanja; Paul, Lumu; Ssenkeera, Ben; Atim, Stella; Gonahasa, Doreen N.; Sekamatte, Musa; Gouilh, Meriadeg Ar; Gonzalez, Jean‐Paul

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.106841

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Bacillus anthracis produces spores that can remain viable in the environment and animal products for many years. The spores can live in hostile conditions because of their excellent heat, chemical, and radiation resistance (Omodo et al 2023). Anthrax contracts by inhaling, ingesting, or exposure to the spores.…”

Section: Anthraxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoonotic Respiratory Diseases: Historic Impact and Emerging Threats

2023

IJAB

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Zoonotic respiratory illnesses have played a significant role in shaping human history and continue to pose global health challenges by crossing over from animals to humans. This abstract investigates the historical significance of diseases and the current dangers they pose, with a focus on specific examples and their consequences. Throughout history, respiratory pandemics that have caused widespread devastation have been triggered by infectious agents originating from various animal sources. The 1918 Spanish Flu, which originated from an H1N1 influenza A virus with mixed avian and swine origins, serves as a notable illustration of the effects of zoonotic respiratory illnesses. Tuberculosis, caused by a bacterial infection, has demonstrated the ability to cross from cattle to humans, showing zoonotic potential with Mycobacterium bovis. New dangers in the current world consist of illnesses such as MERS and Avian Influenza. MERS, which is caused by a type of coronavirus, has been connected to dromedary camels, emphasizing the ongoing danger of animals passing diseases to humans. Constantly looming threats, avian flu variants such as H5N1 and H7N9 originate from wild birds as their natural hosts. The effects of zoonotic respiratory diseases are displayed through the COVID-19 pandemic, which is a result of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Bats are thought to be the original source of the virus, and it is likely passed on to other animals before reaching humans. Confronting these difficulties requires a comprehensive and collaborative strategy. The integration of human, animal, and environmental health is essential for effective surveillance and mitigation strategies, known as the One Health approach. Effective collaboration on a global scale, sharing of data, and comprehending the factors involved in the transmission of zoonotic diseases are essential for preventing and managing these illnesses. In light of continued challenges with respiratory diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans, it is essential to take a proactive and multidisciplinary approach to safeguard human health from these changing dangers.

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Section: Anthraxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoonotic Respiratory Diseases: Historic Impact and Emerging Threats

2023

IJAB

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“…In the large Bacillus genus, B. anthracis is the only obligate pathogen. As noted by M. Omodo et al (2023), anthrax is a zoonotic disease transmitted through the soil by a pathogen found on all continents of the globe. Anthrax is potentially contagious to most mammals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Features of exotoxin production of vaccine strains of anthrax pathogen for use in the veterinary industry

Zaviriukha,

Vyshnytska,

Yanenko

et al. 2024

Ukrainian journal of veterinary sciences

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Exotoxins that produce vaccine strains of the anthrax pathogen are the main source of immunogenicity of anti-selective vaccines used in veterinary medicine. The relevance of the study is due to the search for the most suitable vaccine strains of the anthrax pathogen to obtain high production of exotoxin as a factor of the effectiveness of drugs for the implementation of preventive and safety measures in the field of veterinary medicine. In this regard, the purpose of the study was to examine the productive properties of microbes of the Bacillus genus regarding the production of exotoxin under changes in cultivation conditions during incubation. Microbiological and biotechnological methods and comparative statistical analysis are used to examine vaccine strains of the anthrax pathogen. Strains are selected according to the intensity of growth on nutrient media. A biotechnological approach to obtaining a specific anthrax protein is used to analyse the production of exotoxin by vaccine strains of the anthrax pathogen. When cultured on identical nutrient media, the vaccine strains produce different amounts of exotoxin. Virulent (B. anthracis IBM-92 Z), vaccine (B. anthracis K-79 Z, B. anthracis Sterne 34F 2, B. anthracis 55, B. anthracis SB. anthracis Tsenkovsky II) strains, and anthrax cultures (B. cereus 8035, B. anthracoides 67, B. subtilis BKM 17) are examined. In the course of experimental work, it is determined that the production of exotoxin of various anthrax pathogen strains depends on the medium’s pH. It is established that with identical pH values of the medium and cultivation conditions, the highest production of exotoxin was shown by the vaccine strain B. anthracis K-79 Z. The titer of a specific anthrax protein was 1:64. Changes in the pH of the medium during the cultivation of strains affect the amount of exotoxin formation – the main factor in the formation of specific immunity against the anthrax pathogen. The results of the study can be applied by specialists of the veterinary service to select antigen producers in the development of new drugs against anthrax in animals based on exotoxins

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“…Animals come into contact with the spores by grazing grass closer to the surface when the grass is low or scarce, or by moving herds to restricted areas when water is scarce [1]. The spores are very resistant to unfavourable environmental extremes of heat, cold, desiccation, chemicals, and irradiation [2,3]. The incidence of anthrax varies with the type of the soil and climate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suspected Anthrax Outbreaks or Sudden Animal Deaths in Hyati Mundaragi Village in Koppal, Karnataka, India: A Farmer Prospective

Sagar,

Suresh,

Naveesh

et al. 2023

IJECC

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Anthrax, caused by Bacillus anthracis, is a persistent global threat to both public health and livestock industries. This study investigates an outbreak of sheep anthrax in Hyati Mundaragi Village, Karnataka, India. The demographic and ecological characteristics of this region are pivotal factors influencing disease emergence, with varying outbreak years observed among sheep farmers. Socio-economic factors and Risk and Emergency Management Behaviour (REMB) were found to be critical determinants of anthrax incidence, emphasizing the multifaceted nature of the disease's spread. Sheep migration and proximity to water bodies, notably the Tungabhadra reservoir, facilitated spore transfer and contributed to the outbreak in this village. The study highlights the urgency of proactive measures, including comprehensive disease surveillance, vaccine accessibility, training initiatives for local veterinarians and farmers, and the integration of AI tools for early detection and rapid response.

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Anthrax bio-surveillance of livestock in Arua District, Uganda, 2017–2018

Cited by 6 publications

References 29 publications

Zoonotic Respiratory Diseases: Historic Impact and Emerging Threats

Zoonotic Respiratory Diseases: Historic Impact and Emerging Threats

Features of exotoxin production of vaccine strains of anthrax pathogen for use in the veterinary industry

Suspected Anthrax Outbreaks or Sudden Animal Deaths in Hyati Mundaragi Village in Koppal, Karnataka, India: A Farmer Prospective

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