Anthraquinones Isolated from Cassia tora (Leguminosae) Seed Show an Antifungal Property against Phytopathogenic Fungi

Abstract

The fungicidal activities of Cassia tora extracts and their active principles were determined against Botrytis cineria, Erysiphe graminis, Phytophthora infestans, Puccinia recondita, Pyricularia grisea, and Rhizoctonia solani using a whole plant method in vivo and were compared with synthetic fungicides and three commercially available anthraquinones. The responses varied with the plant pathogen tested. At 1 g/L, the chloroform fraction of C. tora showed a strong fungicidal activity against B. cinerea, E. graminis, P. infestans, and R. solani. Emodin, physcion, and rhein were isolated from the chloroform fraction using chromatographic techniques and showed strong and moderate fungicidal activities against B. cinerea, E. graminis, P. infestans, and R. solani. Furthermore, aloe-emodin showed strong and moderate fungicidal activities against B. cinerea and R. solani, respectively, but did not inhibit the growth of E. graminis, P. infestans, P. recondita, and Py. grisea. Little or no activity was observed for anthraquinone and anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid when tested at 1 g/L. Chlorothalonil and dichlofluanid as synthetic fungicides were active against P. infestans and B. cinerea at 0.05 g/L, respectively. Our results demonstrate the fungicidal actions of emodin, physcion, and rhein from C. tora.

Phytotoxic potential of Senna occidentalis and Senna obtusifolia

“…Literature mentions the isolation of more than 350 secondary metabolites on species of this genus, distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, in several parts of the world. These studies proved the occurrence of substances from several classes, such as anthraquinones and flavonoids, which are the most frequent constituents on most of the species mentioned in literature (KIM et al, 2004;LUXIMON-RAMMA et al, 2002). It is important to emphasize that these classes of substances have already been mentioned in literature with an allelopathic potential (EINHELLIG, 2002).…”

Screening for novel quorum-sensing inhibitors to interfere with the formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm

“…Anti-QS activity has also been noted in a number of traditional medicinal plants (Adonizio et al, 2006). Rhubarb (named Dahuang in Chinese), a medicinal plant, displays diverse pharmacological activities such as bacteriostatic, antiviral, antifungal and antitumour activities (Huang & Zhen, 2001;Kim et al, 2004;Basu et al, 2005;Huang et al, 2005). Emodin, one of the free anthraquinone compounds extracted from rhubarb, is the major active constituent (Ma et al, 2008) that inhibits the expression of the tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) gene and tumour metastasis in vitro and in vivo (Kwak et al, 2006).…”

Anthraquinones from the Seeds of Cassia tora with Inhibitory Activity on Protein Glycation and Aldose Reductase

“…18) Previous phytochemical investigation on the seeds of C. tora have resulted in the isolation of several anthraquinone and naphthopyrone derivatives. 13,[16][17][18][19][20] In the present study, further fractionation of the EtOAc-soluble extract of the seeds of C. tora led to the purification of nine anthraquinones (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9). The structures of 1-9 were determined by spectroscopic data interpretation and they were subjected to in vitro bioassays to evaluate their inhibitory activity against AGEs and RLAR.…”

“…The seeds of C. tora are reputed in Oriental medicine as vision-improving, antiasthenic, asperient, and diuretic agents. 12) C. tora have shown to possess various biological and pharmacological activities including antihepatotoxic, 13) radical scavenging, 14) antiallergic, 15) antimutagenic, 16) antifungal, 17) and antimicrobial. 18) Previous phytochemical investigation on the seeds of C. tora have resulted in the isolation of several anthraquinone and naphthopyrone derivatives.…”