Anthraquinones: An Overview

Díaz, Gaspar; Miranda, Izabel Luzia; Sartori, Suélen K.; Rezende, Daniele Cristina de; Diaz, Marisa Alves Nogueira

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-64056-7.00011-8

Cited by 67 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…For several decades, anthraquinones have been recognized as natural coloring and therapeutic agents. A range of pharmacological properties of anthraquinones has been reported, which include anti-oxidant, anti-ulcer, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, neuroprotective, anti-aging, lung protective, and hepatoprotective properties [84]. Structural relationship analysis of anthraquinones suggested that the methyl group on the 3rd position and two hydroxyl groups on the 1st and 8th position of chrysophanol are responsible for its anticancer effects [85].…”

Section: Pharmacologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mechanism behind the laxative effect is considered as the glycosidic bond hydrolysed by intestinal microbes and aglycone form “chrysophanol” is absorbed by intestinal epithelial cells and enhances the mucous secretion stimulation; eventually an increase in intestinal water content gets relief from constipation. Chrysophanol possesses the C-1 and C-8 hydroxyl groups which are thought to play a vital role in the laxative effect [84]. The amount of total anthraquinone glycosides is used as a quality marker of the laxative drug.…”

Section: Pharmacologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chrysophanol: A Natural Anthraquinone with Multifaceted Biotherapeutic Potential

et al. 2019

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Chrysophanol is a unique anthraquinone having broad-spectrum therapeutic potential along with ecological importance. It is the first polyketide that has been reported to be biosynthesized in an organism-specific manner. The traditional Chinese and Korean medicinal systems provide evidence of the beneficial effects of chrysophanol on human health. The global distribution of chrysophanol encountered in two domains of life (bacteria and eukaryota) has motivated researchers to critically evaluate the properties of this compound. A plethora of literature is available on the pharmacological properties of chrysophanol, which include anticancer, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, and antimicrobial activities. However, the pharmacokinetics and toxicity studies on chrysophanol demand further investigations for it to be used as a drug. This is the first comprehensive review on the natural sources, biosynthetic pathways, and pharmacology of chrysophanol. Here we reviewed recent advancements made on the pharmacokinetics of the chrysophanol. Additionally, we have highlighted the knowledge gaps of its mechanism of action against diseases and toxicity aspects.

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Section: Pharmacologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pharmacologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Chrysophanol: A Natural Anthraquinone with Multifaceted Biotherapeutic Potential

et al. 2019

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“…Anthraquinone compounds are widely distributed in the plant kingdom and ordinarily used in Chinese medicines [2]. Nowadays, more and more scientists have paid attention to these compounds on account of their plentiful biological activities like antioxidant, antimicrobial, and their potential to prevent cancer and other chronic diseases [3,4]. Among those compounds, rhein (RH, 4,5-dihydroxyanthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid, Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel rhein–phospholipid complex targeting skin diseases: development, in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies

Ebada

Nasra

Elnaggar

et al. 2020

Drug Deliv. and Transl. Res.

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Rhein (RH), an anthraquinone derivative, has proven to be a promising molecule for treating several skin disorders thanks to its pleiotropic pharmacological activities like antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant, and anticancer. However, RH's low water and oil solubility and poor skin permeability halted its topical delivery. This is the first work to investigate the expediency of tailoring a rhein-phospholipid complex (RH-PLC) to improve RH challenging physicochemical and skin permeability properties. The phospholipid complex was prepared by employing different methods and different RH/PL molar ratios. RH-PLC was successfully developed at a stoichiometric ratio of 1:1 using a novel pH-dependent method where at a certain pH, it exhibits the highest complexation efficiency (95%). RH-PLC formation was confirmed using FTIR, DSC, and XRPD analysis. RH-PLC showed a significant increase in water and n-octanol solubility. RH-PLC was self-assembled upon dispersion into water forming nanosized particles (196.6 ± 1.6 nm) with high negatively charged surface (− 29.7 ± 2.45 mV). RH-PLC exhibited a significant 3.3and 2.46-fold increase in ex vivo and in vivo skin permeability when compared with RH suspension, respectively. Confocal microscopy study confirmed the ability of RH-PLC to penetrate deeply into rat skin. Besides, skin irritation test on healthy rats indicated compatibility and safety of RH-PLC. Conclusively, phospholipid complex might be a suitable approach to improve permeability of RH and other promising abandoned poor-permeable drugs. The proposed RH-PLC is expected to be a major progressive step toward the development of a topical RH formulation.

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“…Anthraquinones are a group of polycyclic organic natural compounds consisting of three rings with two keto groups located at the central ring. They comprise a class of colorful, biologically abundant secondary metabolites in plants, bacteria and fungi [17]. Pharmacological effects of anthraquinones include among others a range of antiviral antibacterial, pro-apoptotic, anti-oxidant, pro-oxidative, phototoxic, anti-proliferative, and anti-cancer effects [18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial Activity of Synthesized Derivatives of Purpurin Containing Cyсlopropane and Cyclobutane Fragment

Kharlamova¹,

Gabdrakipov²,

Seidakhmetova³

et al. 2020

Eurasian Chem. Tech. J.

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The present study is a continuation of the scientific research works for the synthesis of anthraquinonе-containing derivatives with cyclic ring systems by the interaction of 1,2,4-trihydroxyanthraquinone (purpurin) with cyclopropanecarboxylic acid chloride and cyclobutanecarboxylic acid chloride by using the ultrasonic treatment. Esters of purpurin, studied for antibacterial activity in museum test strains of microorganisms (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538-P, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa АТСС 27853, Сandida albicans АТСС 10231) in vitro with the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value. The study revealed that the cyclopropane substituent exhibits moderate antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633. While with the cyclobutane moiety it had a weak effect with respect to Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC strain. It has been found that the compounds with the cyclopropane and cyclobutane fragment have possessed antimicrobial activity in relation to strains of microorganisms Staphylococcus aureus АТСС 6538 for which the MIC value was 62.5 μg/ml.

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Anthraquinones: An Overview

Cited by 67 publications

References 81 publications

Chrysophanol: A Natural Anthraquinone with Multifaceted Biotherapeutic Potential

Chrysophanol: A Natural Anthraquinone with Multifaceted Biotherapeutic Potential

Novel rhein–phospholipid complex targeting skin diseases: development, in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies

Antibacterial Activity of Synthesized Derivatives of Purpurin Containing Cyсlopropane and Cyclobutane Fragment

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