Anthocyanins, Phenolics, and Antioxidant Capacity in Diverse Small Fruits: Vaccinium,Rubus, andRibes

Abstract

Fruits from 107 genotypes of Vaccinium L., Rubus L., and Ribes L., were analyzed for total anthocyanins (ACY), total phenolics (TPH), and antioxidant capacities as determined by oxygen radical absorbing capacity (ORAC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Fruit size was highly correlated (r = 0.84) with ACY within Vaccinium corymbosum L., but was not correlated to ACY across eight other Vaccinium species, or within 27 blackberry hybrids. Certain Vaccinium and Ribes fruits with pigmented flesh were lower in ACY, TPH, ORAC, and FRAP compared to those values in berries with nonpigmented flesh. ORAC values ranged from 19 to 131 micromol Trolox equivalents/g in Vaccinium, from 13 to 146 in Rubus, and from 17 to 116 in Ribes. Though ACY may indicate TPH, the range observed in ACY/TPH ratios precludes prediction of ACY from TPH and vice versa for a single genotype. In general, TPH was more highly correlated to antioxidant capacity than ACY was. This study demonstrates the wide diversity of phytochemical levels and antioxidant capacities within and across three genera of small fruit.

Rheological behavior of blueberry

“…There is a large range of values for the anthocyanins concentration in blueberry fruits reported in the literature. Stojanovic et al (2007) found 136 mg.100 g -1 (dry matter) of anthocyanins in rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade), which is similar to the value found by Prior et al (1998) (124 mg.100 g -1 ) but differs considerably from the results reported by Moyer et al (2002). They report a mean value of 406 mg.100 g -1 , which was higher than those found in any other blueberry variety.…”

Inhibition of non‐enzymatic glycation by silk extracts from a Mexican land race and modern inbred lines of maize (Zea mays)

“…1 (not included in analysis). ated in the current study, our results indirectly support this claim since total phenolics, which has repeatedly been proven a good predictor of antioxidant capacity (Prior et al, 1998;Wang and Liu, 2000;Moyer et al, 2002;Spoor et al, 2006), was highly correlated with antiglycation activity. Though the modern resistant inbreds were the most effective inhibitors of glycation and the most phenolicrich of the tested genotypes, no clear relationship between resistance to fungal infection and antiglycation activity or total phenolics was observed (Tables 1 and 2).…”

Antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of phenolics isolated from fruits of Himalayan yellow raspberry (Rubus ellipticus)

“…Among the various types of exogenous antioxidants, phenolic compounds constitute the major group of phytonutrients with multiple biological effects including anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, antiviral, anti-aging and anti-carcinogenic activities (Cody et al 1986;Kuhnau 1976;Middleton and Kandaswami 1986;Peterson and Dwyer 1998;Gulcin 2012). A wide variety of fruits such as blueberry, blackberry, raspberry, pomegranate, plum, peach, apple, quince, pear, guava, banana and citrus fruits have been shown to possess high phenolic contents and super antioxidant activities (Wang et al 1996;Gil et al 2002;Kahkonen et al 2001;Moyer et al 2002;Karadeniz et al 2005;Mokbel and Hashinaga 2005;Lim et al 2007;Meda et al 2008). Additionally, fruits phenolics have also been demonstrated to possess strong antiproliferative properties (Johnson et al 2011;Sun et al 2002;Liu et al 2002;Seerama et al 2005).…”

“…Additionally, fruits phenolics have also been demonstrated to possess strong antiproliferative properties (Johnson et al 2011;Sun et al 2002;Liu et al 2002;Seerama et al 2005). Due to the cancer protective effects, and super antioxidant properties, fruits are gaining world wide interest for the exploration of their polyphenolic contents and their various health promoting properties (Kahkonen et al 2001;Leong and Shui 2002;Moyer et al 2002;Karadeniz et al 2005;Marinova et al 2005;Barreira et al 2008;Lim et al 2007;Meda et al 2008).…”