Anthocyanins of Wild Rhododendron simsii Planch. Flowers in Vietnam and Japan

Hang, Nguyen Thi Thu; Miyajima, Ikuo; Ureshino, Kenji; Kobayashi, Nobuo; Kurashige, Y.; Matsui, Toshiro; Okubo, Hiroshi

doi:10.2503/jjshs1.80.206

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Pharbitis nil (pale brownish red) Anthocyanins: [42] Rhododendron spp. (Ericaceae) (red) Anthocyanins: Cyanidin 3-O-galactoside, cyanidin 3-O-arabinoside [43] Senecio cruentus (Asteraceae) (red) Anthocyanins:…”

Section: Warm Flower Colors Such As Pink Scarlet Red Red-purple Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution to Flower Colors of Flavonoids Including Anthocyanins: A Review

Iwashina

2015

Natural Product Communications

114

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Flavonoids are one of the major pigments in higher plants, together with chlorophylls and carotenoids. Though ca. 8,000 kinds of flavonoids have been reported in nature, anthocyanins, chalcones, aurones and some flavonols act as major flower pigments. Flavonoids are present as major components in many flowers. On the other hand, flavones and flavonols, which are colorless or extremely pale yellow, function as copigment substances. Moreover, expression of the flower colors is diversified by inter-molecular and intra-molecular copigmentation, metal chelation, pH change and so on. In this review, I describe the distribution of the flavonoids which act as the pigments, and contribution to flower colors, e.g., yellow, scarlet, red, red-purple, violet, purple, blue and so on, of flavonoids, especially anthocyanins, chalcones, aurones and flavonols.

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Section: Warm Flower Colors Such As Pink Scarlet Red Red-purple Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution to Flower Colors of Flavonoids Including Anthocyanins: A Review

Iwashina

2015

Natural Product Communications

114

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“…3A), which have been reported as cyanidin 3-galactoside (Cy 3Ga) and cyanidin 3-arabinoside (Cy 3Ar) (Hang et al, 2011). In the HPLC analysis at 360 nm, two major peaks were detected in upper petals, while no major peak was detected in lower petals (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In azalea, Mizuta et al (2009) suggested that red-flowered azaleas, such as R. indicum, R. kaempferi, R. oldhamii, and R. scabrum, contain two major anthocyanins in their petals. Hang et al (2011) reported that two major anthocyanins found in R. simsii accessions of Vietnam and Japan were identified as cyanidin 3-galactoside (Cy 3Ga) and cyanidin 3-arabinoside (Cy 3Ar). However, no report indicated the cause of the different color expressions between upper and lower petals of wild R. simsii flowers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-pigmentation of Anthocyanin-flavonol in the Blotch Area of <i>Rhododendron simsii</i> Planch. Flowers

et al. 2016

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Rhododendron simsii Planch. is distributed in eastern Asia, such as Ryukyu Islands of Japan, southern China, Taiwan, and Vietnam. It is a semideciduous shrub with five-lobed red corollas and reddish-purple blotches on the upper petals. From microscopic observation, reddish-purple colored cells were distributed only in the adaxial subepidermis of blotch areas in the upper petals, while red colored cells were observed in the whole epidermis of both upper and lower petals. Even though the anthocyanin constitutions of upper and lower petals were the same, the λ max of absorbance of fresh upper petals was 514.9 nm, while it was 505.7 nm in the lower petals. In R. simsii flowers, cyanidin glycosides were major anthocyanins in whole petals. Quercetin glycosides were detected in reddish-purple blotch areas, but they were found only in trace amounts in lower petals. Anthocyanins and flavonols were extracted, and separated by column chromatography. Bathochromic shift (9.7 nm) was observed in mixed solution of anthocyanin and flavonol at a ratio of concentration of 1:7.5. These results were similar to the bathochromic shift obtained between upper and lower petals of intact flowers (9.2 nm). From these findings, co-pigmentation between anthocyanin and flavonol (quercetin glycosides) seems to be a key factor of reddish-purple color of the blotch area in the upper petals of R. simsii flowers.

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“…Fresh bracts were boiled at 100ºC and then cooled immediately in water. The cooled bracts were dried overnight at 50ºC [7]. The dried bracts were powdered by using Multi-Beads Shocker (Yasui Kikai, Osaka, Japan) and then extracted with 10% formic acid in water.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthocyanins in the Bracts of Curcuma Species and Relationship of the Species Based on Anthocyanin Composition

Koshioka

Umegaki

Boontiang

et al. 2015

Natural Product Communications

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Five anthocyanins, delphinidin 3-O-rutinoside, cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside, petunidin 3-O-rutinoside, malvidin 3-O-glucoside and malvidin 3-O-rutinoside, were identified. Three anthocyanins, delphinidin 3-O-glucoside, cyanidin 3-O-glucoside and pelargonidin 3-O-rutinoside, were putatively identified based on C18 HPLC retention time, absorption spectrum, including λmax, and comparisons with those of corresponding standard anthocyanins, as the compounds responsible for the pink to purple-red pigmentation of the bracts of Curcuma alismatifolia and five related species. Cluster analysis based on four major anthocyanins formed two clusters. One consisted of only one species, C. alismatifolia, and the other consisted of five. Each cluster further formed sub-clusters depending on either species or habitats.

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Anthocyanins of Wild Rhododendron simsii Planch. Flowers in Vietnam and Japan

Cited by 16 publications

References 11 publications

Contribution to Flower Colors of Flavonoids Including Anthocyanins: A Review

Contribution to Flower Colors of Flavonoids Including Anthocyanins: A Review

Co-pigmentation of Anthocyanin-flavonol in the Blotch Area of <i>Rhododendron simsii</i> Planch. Flowers

Anthocyanins in the Bracts of Curcuma Species and Relationship of the Species Based on Anthocyanin Composition

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