Anthocyanins in Berries of Ribes Including Gooseberry Cultivars with a High Content of Acylated Pigments

Abstract

Consumption of berries from various sources including the genus Ribes has been associated with diverse potential health benefits. The 14 examined cultivars of European gooseberry (R. grossularia L.) contained in various proportions the 3-glucoside (3), 3-rutinoside (4), 3-xyloside (7), 3-O-beta-(6' '-E-caffeoylglucopyranoside) (8), and 3-O-beta-(6' '-E-p-coumaroylglucopyranoside) (10) of cyanidin and the 3-rutinoside (6) and 3-glucoside of peonidin (5). Pigments 3, 4, delphinidin 3-rutinoside (2), delphinidin 3-glucoside (1), and minor amounts of 6, 7, and 10 were found in red flowering currant (R. sanguineum Pursh). Golden currant (R. aureum Pursh) contained 3, 4, and trace amounts of 1, 6, and 7, while alpine currant (R. alpinum L.) contained 3, 4, and trace amounts of 10. The major anthocyanins in two cultivars of jostaberries (R. x nidigrolaria Bauer), 1-4, 8, and 10, reflected that this hybrid contained the major anthocyanins of both parents, black currant and gooseberry. This is the first complete identification of 8 and the ring size of the sugar of 10. Pigment 9 was tentatively identified as cyanidin 3-(6' '-Z-p-coumaroylglucoside). This new pigment occurred in minor amounts (<2%) in all R. grosssularia and R. x nidigrolaria cultivars. No commercially available berries have been reported to contain such high proportions of aromatic acylated anthocyanins as found in the gooseberry cultivars "Samsø", "Hinnomäki Red", "Taastrup", "Lofthus", and "Glendal", which are in this context the most obvious candidates for consumption, colorant, and breeding programs.

A new acetonitrile-free mobile phase for HPLC-DAD determination of individual anthocyanins in blackcurrant and strawberry fruits: A comparison and validation study

“…Peaks 7 and 8 from blackcurrant berries cv. Ben Tirran were most probably peonidin-3-glucoside and peonidin-3-rutinoside, based on their UV-spectra and earlier works by other authors (Anttonen & Karjalainen, 2006;Jordheim et al, 2007). Given the spectral changes that occur for anthocyanins when eluted under different conditions as well as due to pH changes (Lee et al, 2008), further studies should further identify the minor anthocyanins detected in this study.…”

“…cya-3-gluc, cya-3-rut, pg-3-gluc and malv-3-gluc), (C) of Pg-3-gluc and pelargonidin derivative anthocyanins from strawberry fruits and (D) of unknown anthocyanins (U1, U2, U3, U4) from blackcurrant berries. and delp-3-rut) constitute almost 90% of the total anthocyanin content of blackcurrants (Anttonen & Karjalainen, 2006;Giné Bordonaba & Terry, 2008;Häkkinen et al, 1999;Jordheim, Mäge, & Andersen, 2007;Manhita, Teixeira, & da Costa, 2006;Rubinskiene, Viskelis, Jasutiene, Duchovskis, & Bobinas, 2006). Other anthocyanins including peonidin-3-rutinoside and malvidin-3-glucoside have also been detected (but in lesser amounts) in a number of studies conducted on blackcurrant berries (Frøytlog, Slimestad, & Andersen, 1998;Slimestad & Solheim, 2002).…”

“…cyanidin-3-glucoside (cya-3-gluc), cyanidin-3-rutinoside (cya-3-rut), pelargonidin-3-glcuoside (pg-3-gluc) and malvidin-3-glucoside (malv-3-gluc)) using different mobile phases (acetonitrile-or methanol-based) and HPLC columns (SP and comparison with the literature (Aaby, Ekeberg & Skrede, 2007;Anttonen & Karjalainen, 2006;Hernanz, Recamales, MelendezMartinez, Gonzalez-Miret, & Heredia, 2007;Jordheim et al, 2007). In the particular case of strawberry fruits, peaks 3 and 4 were identified as pg-3-derivatives on the basis of their spectra (Fig.…”

Anticandidal effect of berry juices and extracts from Ribes species

“…Phenolic compounds described from the members of the Ribes genus include phenolic acids (e.g. p-coumaric acid), flavonols (quercetin, isoquercitrin, myricetin and kaempferol) [4,5], anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins [6][7][8][9]; anthocyanins being the dominant group in dark Ribes species. The use of R. nigrum and R. uva-crispa properties for medicinal purposes has been documented throughout history.…”

Antimicrobial activity of berries extracts of four Ribes species, their phenolic content and anthocyanin composition

“…The berries of blackcurrant are the richest source of anthocyanins in the Ribes genus, with a concentration of 300 -670 mg 100 g -1 (Moyer et al, 2002;Horbowicz et al, 2008;Mattila et al, 2016). Red currant berries contain 12-20 mg 100 g -1 anthocyanins (Nour et al, 2011), golden currant 170-308 mg 100 g -1 (Maatta et al, 2001;Moyer et al, 2002), and gooseberries 3-26 mg 100 g -1 (Jordheim et al, 2007), depending on the colour.…”