Anthocyanin Profiles in Flowers of Grape Hyacinth

Lei, Qian; Wan, Lin; Liu, Hongli; Liu, Yali

doi:10.3390/molecules22050688

Cited by 25 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Overall, the biochemical analyses showed that there was a significant increase in pelargonidin glycosides as the petals developed, and such accumulation parallels the increasing orange coloration of the petals during development. In most plants, total anthocyanins content increases with the flower development and reaches its peak just before the buds open [43,44], with a rapid accumulation of anthocyanins in petals at the later stages of their development [45,46]. In order to better understand the relationships among the different anthocyanins detected, we performed a row-directed hierarchical clustering analysis (HCL) (S2 Fig).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pelargonidin derivatives have been found in different plant species including orange cultivars of Pelargonium where they can account for up to 98% of total anthocyanins [54], Dahlia variabilis [55], magenta flowers of Verbena [56], red-purple flowers of Matthiola incana [57] and Ipomoea purpurea [58], red flowers of Hyacinthus orientalis [40], maroon flowers of Pharbitis nil [59], and white and pink flowers of Muscari spp. [44]. All identified anthocyanin molecules of G .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differential accumulation of pelargonidin glycosides in petals at three different developmental stages of the orange-flowered gentian (Gentiana lutea L. var. aurantiaca)

Diretto¹,

Jin

Capell

et al. 2019

PLoS ONE

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Corolla color in Gentiana lutea L. exhibits a yellow/orange variation. We previously demonstrated that the orange petal color of G. lutea L. var. aurantiaca is predominantly caused by newly synthesized pelargonidin glycosides that confer a reddish hue to the yellow background color, derived from the carotenoids. However, the anthocyanin molecules of these pelargonidin glycosides are not yet fully identified and characterized. Here, we investigated the regulation, content and type of anthocyanins determining the petal coloration of the orange-flowered G. lutea L. var. aurantiaca. Anthocyanins from the petals of G. lutea L. var. aurantiaca were characterized and quantified by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS (High-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry) coupled with a diode array detector in flowers at three different stages of development (S1, S3 and S5). Eleven pelargonidin derivatives were identified in the petals of G. lutea L. var. aurantiaca for the first time, but quantitative and qualitative differences were observed at each developmental stage. The highest levels of these pelargonidin derivatives were reached at the fully open flower stage (S5) where all anthocyanins were detected. In contrast, not all the anthocyanins were detected at the budlet stage (S1) and mature bud stage (S3) and those corresponded to more complex pelargonidin derivatives. The major pelargonidin derivatives found at all the stages were pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside, pelargonidin 3,5-O-diglucoside and pelargonidin 3-O-rutinoside. Furthermore, the expression of DFR (dihydroflavonol 4-reductase), ANS (anthocyanidin synthase), 3GT (UDP-glucose:flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase), 5GT (UDP-glucose:flavonoid 5-O-glucosyltransferase) and 5AT (anthocyanin 5-aromatic acyltransferase) genes was analyzed in the petals of three developmental stages, showing that the expression level of DFR, ANS and 3GT parallels the accumulation of the pelargonidin glucosides. Overall, this study enhances the knowledge of the biochemical basis of flower coloration in Gentiana species, and lays a foundation for breeding of flower color and genetic variation studies on Gentiana varieties.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential accumulation of pelargonidin glycosides in petals at three different developmental stages of the orange-flowered gentian (Gentiana lutea L. var. aurantiaca)

Diretto¹,

Jin

Capell

et al. 2019

PLoS ONE

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“…петунидин-3-Оглюкозид. Цветки M. armeniacum содержат только производные дельфинидина и цианидина [13][14][15].…”

Section: фармацияunclassified

Phytochemical composition and biological activity of Armenian Muscari (Muscari armeniacum Leichtlin)

Боков¹

2019

Medialʹ

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ФАРМАЦИЯ ВВЕДЕНИЕ Мускари армянский (Muscari armeniacum Leichtlin ex Baker) семейства Спаржевые (Asparagaceae Juss)-это небольшое весеннецветущее растение в подсемействе Пролесковые (Scilloideae Burnett), также известном, как семейство Гиацинтовые (Hyacinthaceae Batsch ex Borkh). M. armeniacum-луковичный многолетний эфемероид с простыми, узкими, ланцетными листьями и короткими цветоносными побегами. Кроме мускари, растение носит еще несколько названий: гадючий лук, виноград

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“…Grape hyacinth ( Muscari spp. ), named for its unique grape-like color and shape, is a monocotyledonous ornamental bulbous plant that blossoms in mid-spring [22,23]. Generally, grape hyacinth varieties display a single color, such as white, pink, purple, azure, cobalt, violet, or lavender.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Functional Analysis of a Flavonol Synthase Gene from Grape Hyacinth

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2019

Molecules

Self Cite

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Flavonols are important copigments that affect flower petal coloration. Flavonol synthase (FLS) catalyzes the conversion of dihydroflavonols to flavonols. In this study, we identified a FLS gene, MaFLS, expressed in petals of the ornamental monocot Muscari aucheri (grape hyacinth) and analyzed its spatial and temporal expression patterns. qRT-PCR analysis showed that MaFLS was predominantly expressed in the early stages of flower development. We next analyzed the in planta functions of MaFLS. Heterologous expression of MaFLS in Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) resulted in a reduction in pigmentation in the petals, substantially inhibiting the expression of endogenous tobacco genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis (i.e., NtDFR, NtANS, and NtAN2) and upregulating the expression of NtFLS. The total anthocyanin content in the petals of the transformed tobacco plants was dramatically reduced, whereas the total flavonol content was increased. Our study suggests that MaFLS plays a key role in flavonol biosynthesis and flower coloration in grape hyacinth. Moreover, MaFLS may represent a new potential gene for molecular breeding of flower color modification and provide a basis for analyzing the effects of copigmentation on flower coloration in grape hyacinth.

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Anthocyanin Profiles in Flowers of Grape Hyacinth

Cited by 25 publications

References 27 publications

Differential accumulation of pelargonidin glycosides in petals at three different developmental stages of the orange-flowered gentian (Gentiana lutea L. var. aurantiaca)

Differential accumulation of pelargonidin glycosides in petals at three different developmental stages of the orange-flowered gentian (Gentiana lutea L. var. aurantiaca)

Phytochemical composition and biological activity of Armenian Muscari (Muscari armeniacum Leichtlin)

Identification and Functional Analysis of a Flavonol Synthase Gene from Grape Hyacinth

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