Anthocyanin patterns in european orchids and their taxonomic and phylogenetic relevance

An Acylated Cyanidin 3,7-diglucoside in the Bluish Flowers of Bletilla striata ‘Murasaki Shikibu’ (Orchidaceae)

“…The solution was then acidified with 2N HCl (1.1 mL). The solution was used for TLC and HPLC with authentic cyanidin 3,7-diglucoside (seranin) and 4-O-glucosylcaffeic acid obtained from Serapias lingua (Strack et al, 1989) and Leschenaultia 'Violet Lena' (Saito et al, 2007), respectively. …”

“…To the best of our knowledge, 41 acylated anthocyanins have been isolated and determined from various flowers of the plants in the Orchidaceae (Fossen and Øvstedal, 2003;Saito et al, 1994Saito et al, , 1995aStrack et al, 1986Strack et al, , 1989Tatsuzawa et al, 1994Tatsuzawa et al, , 1996aTatsuzawa et al, , b, 1997Tatsuzawa et al, , 1998Tatsuzawa et al, , 2004Tatsuzawa et al, , 2005Tatsuzawa et al, , 2006Williams et al, 2002). On the basis of these results, hydroxycinnamic acids of acylated anthocyanins were revealed to be responsible for the stabilization and bluing of the flower color.…”

Acylated Cyanidin 3,7-Diglucosides in the Red-purple Flowers of Sophronitis wittigiana (Orchidaceae)

“…3. Anthocyanin distributions of 3,7, To the best of our knowledge, the occurrence of cyanidin 3,7-glucoside has been reported in plants of Anacamptis, Barlia, Cephalanthera, Dactylorhiza, Epipactis, Gymnadenia, Himantoglossum, Limodorum, Neottianthe, Nigrirella, Ophrys, Orchis, Serapias, and Traunsteinera for the Orchidaceae, in company with cyanidin 3-and 3,5-glucosides (Strack et al, 1986(Strack et al, , 1989. These plants were grouped into the European orchids.…”

“…These solutions were then acidified with 2N HCl (1.1 mL). These hydrolysates were used for the analysis of TLC and HPLC with authentic cyanidin 3,7-diglucoside (seranin) obtained from Serapias lingua (Strack et al, 1989) and Bletilla striata 'Murasaki Shikibu' (Tatsuzawa et al, pigment 1 is composed of cyanidin with two molecules of glucose and one molecule each of caffeic acid and malonic acid. These elemental components of pigment 1 were confirmed by measuring its HR-FABMS.…”

“…0.5 mg each) yielded only one deacylated anthocyanin. Its structure was identified to be cyanidin 3,7-diglucoside by comparison of TLC and HPLC with authentic cyanidin 3,7-diglucoside (seranin) obtained from the acylated anthocyanins of Serapias lingua (Strack et al, 1989) and Bletilla striata 'Murasaki Shikibu' (Tatsuzawa et al, 2010) by alkaline hydrolysis. Further detailed structural studies of these anthocyanins 1-3 were carried out as follows.…”