Anthocyanin in blood oranges: a review on postharvest approaches for its enhancement and preservation

Habibi, Fariborz; García-Pastor, María E.; Puente-Moreno, Jenifer; Garrido-Auñón, Fernando; Serrano, Marı́a; Valero, Daniel

doi:10.1080/10408398.2022.2098250

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…al., emphasized that structurally modified anthocyanins and co-pigmented flavonoids are responsible for the purple coloration of tea leaves ( Shi et al., 2021 ). Cyanidin 3-glucoside and cyanidin 3-(6”-malonylglucoside) are considered major anthocyanins in blood oranges, covering 90% of the anthocyanins in blood oranges ( Habibi et al., 2022 ). Various studies have identified other minor anthocyanins in blood oranges, including delphinidin, cyanidin, and peonidin ( Lee, 2002 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Blood oranges ( Citrus sinensis ) with distinctive crimson flesh are enriched with anthocyanins ( Moufida and Marzouk, 2003 ; Butelli et al., 2012 ). The flesh color in blood orange mainly depends on the accumulation of anthocyanins ( Habibi et al., 2022 ). In combination with vitamin C, carotenoids, and fiber, anthocyanins provide a healthy addition to the blood orange dietary properties ( Prior and Wu, 2006 ; De Pascual-Teresa et al., 2010 ; Paredes-López et al., 2010 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal the effects of grafting on blood orange quality

et al. 2023

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IntroductionBlood orange (Citrus sinensis L.) is a valuable source of nutrition because it is enriched in anthocyanins and has high organoleptic properties. Grafting is commonly used in citriculture and has crucial effects on various phenotypes of the blood orange, including its coloration, phenology, and biotic and abiotic resistance. Still, the underlying genetics and regulatory mechanisms are largely unexplored.MethodsIn this study, we investigated the phenotypic, metabolomic, and transcriptomic profiles at eight developmental stages of the lido blood orange cultivar (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck cv. Lido) grafted onto two rootstocks.Results and discussionThe Trifoliate orange “Zhiyang Xingcheng” rootstock provided the best fruit quality and flesh color for Lido blood orange. Comparative metabolomics suggested significant differences in accumulation patterns of metabolites and we identified 295 differentially accumulated metabolites. The major contributors were flavonoids, phenolic acids, lignans and coumarins, and terpenoids. Moreover, transcriptome profiling resulted in the identification of 4179 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and 54 DEGs were associated with flavonoids and anthocyanins. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified major genes associated to 16 anthocyanins. Furthermore, seven transcription factors (C2H2, GANT, MYB-related, AP2/ERF, NAC, bZIP, and MYB) and five genes associated with anthocyanin synthesis pathway (CHS, F3H, UFGT, and ANS) were identified as key modulators of the anthocyanin content in lido blood orange. Overall, our results revealed the impact of rootstock on the global transcriptome and metabolome in relation to fruit quality in lido blood orange. The identified key genes and metabolites can be further utilized for the quality improvement of blood orange varieties.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal the effects of grafting on blood orange quality

et al. 2023

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“…At present, three candidate enzyme families involved in anthocyanin degradation have been proposed: polyphenol oxidase [24], peroxidase [25] and β-glycosidase [26]. There are two hypothetical anthocyanin degradation pathways: one is direct peroxidase oxidation [27]. The other anthocyanin is deglycosylated by β-glycosidase, and then oxidized and degraded by polyphenol oxidase or peroxidase [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deciphering the Anthocyanin Metabolism Gene Network in tea plant(Camellia sinensis) through Structural Equation modeling

Xia,

Chen,

Chen

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background：Tea is an important cash crop that significantly contributes to rural development, poverty reduction and food security in many developing countries. It provides livelihoods for millions of smallholder producers and aids their economic stability. Anthocyanins in tea leaves provides excellent commercial quality and germplasm exploration potential. These compounds give tea leaves vibrant colors and increase health benefits. The current understanding of the synergistic regulation mechanisms responsible for color changes in purple tea, attributed to anthocyanin degradation, remains unclear. Results: In this study, we have identified 30 gene families within the tea genome that are associated related to with anthocyanin metabolism from tea genome. These gene families play distinct roles in the biosynthesis of anthocyanin including the formation of the core, structure, modification of the molecular framework, facilitation of transport process, regulation of gene expression, breakdown pathways, sugar transportation and iron ion respectively. The transcriptome expression pattern of gene families associated with anthocyanin accumulation in tea leaves of two varieties (N61 and Zikui) and natural development fading of these pigments in the tea leaves of one variety (ZJ). Subsequently, we investigated the synergistic mechanisms of anthocyanin metabolism related gene families within tea leaves using structural equation modeling. The results showed that sugar transport positively affects anthocyanin transportation, and promotes anthocyanin degradation during leaf pigmentation, whereas, it inhibits anthocyanin degradation during the fading of leaf color. Further, Iron ions facilitate the degradation of anthocyanins during their deposition and conversely, impede this degradation process during digestion. These finding suggests that tea plants may regulate the synthesis and degradation of anthocyanins through sugar transport and iron ions. And ensures healthy levels and vibrant colors. Conclusions：Our study contributes valuable information into the dynamic equilibrium anthocyanin mechanism and sheds light on complex regulatory mechanisms that govern the synthesis, transport and degradation of these pigments. These insights could be further used to develop strategies for enhancing anthocyanins content in unique tea germplasm to aid tea industry in producing new tea products with increased health benefits and aesthetic appeals.

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“…There are two main groups of sweet oranges, which are white oranges, whose cultivation is produced in almost all Citrus producing countries in the world, and blood oranges, which have a smaller crop and are only produced in some countries (such as Italy or Spain) whose climatic conditions are appropriate and favor the synthesis of their characteristic red pigment [ 2 ]. ‘Sanguinelli’ in Spain, and ’Tarocco’ and ‘Moro’ in Italy are the most common and widespread cultivars of blood oranges in the countries of the Mediterranean basin [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Different Rootstocks on Fruit Quality and Primary and Secondary Metabolites Content of Blood Oranges Cultivars

et al. 2023

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Blood oranges have high concentrations of bioactive compounds that are beneficial to health. In Europe, the cultivation of blood oranges is increasing due to their excellent nutritional properties. In Citrus crops, rootstocks play an important role in juice and can increase the content of bioactive compounds. The morphological, qualitative and nutritional parameters were analyzed in cultivars ‘Tarocco Ippolito’, ‘Tarocco Lempso’, ‘Tarocco Tapi’ and ‘Tarocco Fondaconuovo’ grafted onto Citrus macrophylla and Citrus reshni. ‘Tarocco Lempso’ grafted onto Citrus macrophylla obtained the highest values of weight (275.78 g), caliber (81.37 mm and 76.79 mm) and juice content (162.11 g). ‘Tarocco Tapi’ grafted onto Citrus reshni obtained the most interesting qualitative parameters (15.40 °Brix; 12.0 MI). ‘Tarocco Lempso’ grafted onto Citrus reshni obtained the most intense red juice (a* = 9.61). Overall, the highest concentrations of primary metabolites were in proline, aspartate, citric acid, and sucrose. The results showed that ‘Tarocco Ippolito’ juice grafted onto Citrus reshni had the highest levels of total hydroxycinnamic acids (263.33 mg L−1), total flavones (449.74 mg L−1) and total anthocyanins (650.42 mg L−1). To conclude, ‘Tarocco Lempso’ grafted onto Citrus macrophylla obtained the best values of agronomic parameters, and the cultivars grafted onto Citrus reshni obtained significantly higher concentrations in primary and secondary metabolites.

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Anthocyanin in blood oranges: a review on postharvest approaches for its enhancement and preservation

Cited by 16 publications

References 97 publications

Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal the effects of grafting on blood orange quality

Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal the effects of grafting on blood orange quality

Deciphering the Anthocyanin Metabolism Gene Network in tea plant(Camellia sinensis) through Structural Equation modeling

Influence of Different Rootstocks on Fruit Quality and Primary and Secondary Metabolites Content of Blood Oranges Cultivars

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