Anthocyanin dye conjugated with Hippospongia communis marine demosponge skeleton and its antiradical activity

Spongin-Based Scaffolds from Hippospongia communis Demosponge as an Effective Support for Lipase Immobilization

“…Catalysts 2017, 7, 147 4 of 19 [32,33]. SEM images taken after enzyme immobilization (process parameters: 2 h process duration, 4 °C, pH 7) confirmed the successful deposition of the lipase by the presence of enzyme aggregates on the surface of the spongin fibers, as mentioned previously [34].…”

“…The SEM images (Figure 1a-d) and digital light microscopy images (Figure 1e,f) show the spongin-based scaffolds isolated from H. communis skeletons before and after lipase immobilization, at different magnifications. The marine keratosan demosponges exhibit a three-dimensional open network structure built from similar, branched spongin fibers with a slightly corrugated surface at a diameter of 20 μm The marine keratosan demosponges exhibit a three-dimensional open network structure built from similar, branched spongin fibers with a slightly corrugated surface at a diameter of 20 µm [32,33]. SEM images taken after enzyme immobilization (process parameters: 2 h process duration, 4 • C, pH 7) confirmed the successful deposition of the lipase by the presence of enzyme aggregates on the surface of the spongin fibers, as mentioned previously [34].…”

Optimizing a Simple Natural Dye Production Method for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: Examples for Betalain (Bougainvillea and Beetroot Extracts) and Anthocyanin Dyes

“…For this extract, pH is very acid, below 2 in all the samples. The influence of pH on anthocyanins absorption spectra has been previously reported [81,83]; the lower the pH, the lower the wavelength of the main absorbance peak and the more stable the dye. Regarding betalains pigments, on the one hand, both orange and yellow bougainvillea extracts behave similarly.…”

“…Anthocyanins can be affected by age, sugars, organic acids, co-pigments, etc. These molecules are susceptible to degradation under the influence of many factors, including temperature or basic pH in the presence of oxygen [2,80,81]. For example, Askar and col. [80] find degradation of the extract in 3 h of about 5% for the most stable extract or 20% for the less one.…”

3D Chitin Scaffolds from the Marine Demosponge Aplysina archeri as a Support for Laccase Immobilization and Its Use in the Removal of Pharmaceuticals

“…These unique biopolymer-containing constructs offer alternative immobilization matrices that can be isolated from demosponges cultivated worldwide, to provide appropriate supports for a broad range of enzymes. Thus, demosponges of the order Dictioceratida (also known as commercial bath sponges) [7,8] represent a renewable source of proteinaceous spongin scaffolds which have recently been reported as effective in applications in extreme biomimetics [9][10][11][12], waste treatment [13][14][15][16][17], electrochemistry [18], and enzyme immobilization [19]. Meanwhile, marine demosponges of the order Verongiida have been recognized as a renewable source of uniquely pre-structured 3D chitinous scaffolds [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] which have found applications in tissue engineering [6,21,[29][30][31][32][33][34], drug release [35], the development of hybrid materials [36][37][38][39][40], and environmental science [41,42].…”