Anthocyanin as Colorectal Anticancer: A Brief Review

Abstract

Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is dangerous cancer that causes many cases of death in the world. This cancer spike occurred in 2020 with 1.15 million cases and is expected to increase in 2040 by 1.92 million CRC cancer cases. Some of the most popular drugs used for CRC chemotherapy are 5-Fluorouracil, Oxaliplatin, and Irinotecan. The effects caused by chemotherapy using synthetic drugs are loss of appetite, fatigue, vomiting, numbness, hair loss, and low blood cell count. Anthocyanins are a group of flavonoid compounds and polyphenols with antioxidant, antimutagenic, and anticancer activity that can be developed as CRC anticancer. Anthocyanins do not cause side effects in CRC patients. This article is a review of anthocyanin activity to reduce the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) in terms of molecular mechanisms, the proliferation ability of cancer cells, and promoting apoptosis of CRC cells.