Anthesis, the infectious process and disease progress curves for fusarium head blight in wheat

Abstract

Fusarium head blight of wheat (Triticum aestivum), caused by the fungus Gibberella zeae, is a floral infecting disease that causes quantitative and qualitative losses to winter cereals. In Brazil, the sanitary situation of wheat has led to research in order to develop strategies for sustainable production, even under adverse weather conditions. To increase the knowledge of the relationship among the presence of anthesis, the infectious process, the disease progress and the saprophytic fungi present in wheat anthers, studies were conducted in the experimental field of University of Passo Fundo (UPF), using the cultivar Marfim, in the 2011 growing season. The disease incidence in spikes and spikelets was evaluated. The presence of exserted anthers increased the spike exposure time to the inoculum. The final incidence of fusarium head blight, in the field, was dependent on the presence of exserted anthers. The disease followed an aggregation pattern and its evolution increased with time, apparently showing growth according to secondary cycles. The fungi isolated from exserted anthers (Alternaria sp., Fusarium sp., Drechslera spp. and Epicoccum sp.) did not compete for the infection site of fusarium head blight in wheat, not interfering with the incidence of F. graminearum.

Performance of fungicides on the control of fusarium head blight (Triticum aestivum L.) and deoxynivalenol contamination in wheat grains

“…However, these diseases seem not to be related to the severity of fusarium head blight in spikes. Leaf disease control is known to be independent of fusarium head blight control (24). The results found in the current study, in general, show that foliar disease control does not statistically reduce fusarium head blight symptoms, compared to absolute control.…”

Integration of host resistance, fungicides, and spray frequencies for managing Fusarium head blight of bread wheat under field conditions in southern Ethiopia

“…Thus, cultivar response and fungicides with appropriate spray frequencies and subsequent variation in FHB pressure could be responsible for comparative yield advantages, which were obtained per treatment across the locations, along with other factors. As reported by Mesterh azy et al ( ), McMullen et al (2008, Wegulo et al (2011), Willyerd et al (2012), and Reis et al (2016, integration of cultivar resistance and fungicide applications with frequent spraying of fungicide reduces FHB pressure and increased yield and yield-related attributes than the unsprayed control plots.…”

“…As mentioned by the previous researchers, a plant disease was strongly associated with losses of growth and yield-related traits of the crop in every portion of disease progression (Campbell and Madden, 1990;Cook et al, 1999;Agrios, 2005). Likewise, in the integration of host resistance and fungicide application with frequent spray evaluation for FHB studies, Gilbert and Haber (2013), Wegulo et al (2015), Reis et al (2016), andShude et al (2020) reported variable levels of relationships between the studied parameters in various parts of the world.…”

“…Campbell and Madden (1990) suggested that disease epidemic is highly affected by the virulent capability of the pathogen, host susceptibility, age of host plant, available host tissue in combination with environmental conditions, including precipitation, relative humidity, temperature, air current velocity, and other factors. In this regard, several studies reported that the occurrence of favorable environmental conditions and the abundance of inoculum before, during, and after anthesis, and the existence of air currents resulted in the development of severe FHB epidemics worldwide ( Shaner, 2003 ; Brown et al., 2011 ; Lenc, 2015 ; Reis et al., 2016 ). However, disease severity and AUDPC were lower at Bonke and Chencha even if there were favorable environmental conditions than in the other locations ( Figure 2 ).…”

Evaluation of wheat genotypes resistance to Fusarium head blight in Paraguay

“…genus and, in South America, Fusarium graminearum (teleomorph Giberella zeae) and Fusarium culmorum (teleomorph unknown) are the prevalent species (Arrúa et al 2015). Fusarium head blight infection is largely dependent on environmental conditions, with optimal temperatures of 20-30 ºC and humidity of 80 %, for periods of 48-60 hours during the anthesis, which is the most vulnerable period of the crop (Siou et al 2014, Reis et al 2016.…”