Anthelmintic resistance in Northern Ireland (I): Prevalence of resistance in ovine gastrointestinal nematodes, as determined through faecal egg count reduction testing

McMahon, Connor; Bartley, Dave; Edgar, H.W.J.; Ellison, S.E.; Barley, J.P.; Malone, F.E.; Hanna, R.E.B.; Brennan, Gerry; Fairweather, Ian

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.01.006

Cited by 41 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Resistance to BZ among nematode populations on Irish sheep farms was first reported in 1992 [17] and has been widely reported since [2,5,10,18]. More recent studies have found that over 80% of flocks tested in Ireland have shown evidence of resistance to BZ [2,5]. Despite these reports, BZ was still the most popular anthelmintic product choice indicating that farmers are failing to take on board the reports of widespread resistance to BZ products.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If only one of these criteria is met then resistance is suspected. A limited number of studies have examined the prevalence of resistance to the commonly used anthelmintics in Ireland but have involved relatively small numbers of farms [2,5,10,11]. The most recent study in the Republic of Ireland found evidence of BZ resistance on almost 90% of farms tested and evidence of LEV resistance on almost 40% of farms tested [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Resistance to ML was also suspected on 11% of the farms [2]. In Northern Ireland, evidence of resistance to BZ, LEV and ML was found in 81%, 14% and 57% respectively of flocks tested [5]. These studies indicate a significant level of anthelmintic resistance among sheep nematodes in Ireland.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High level of treatment failure with commonly used anthelmintics on Irish sheep farms

Keane

Keegan

Good³

et al. 2014

Ir Vet J

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BackgroundIn 2013 a Technology Adoption Program for sheep farmers was established to encourage the implementation of best management practices on sheep farms in Ireland. There were 4,500 participants in this programme in 2013. As part of this programme, farmers had the option to carry out a drench test to establish the efficacy of their anthelmintic treatment.ResultsFlock faecal samples were collected before and after treatment administration and gastrointestinal nematode eggs enumerated. In total there were 1,893 participants in the task, however only 1,585 included both a pre- and post-treatment faecal sample. Of those, 1,308 provided information on the anthelmintic product that they used with 46%, 23% and 28% using a benzimidazole (BZ), levamisole (LEV) and macrocyclic lactone (ML) product respectively. The remaining farmers used a product inapplicable for inclusion in the task such as a flukicide or BZ/LEV combination product. Samples were included for analysis of drench efficacy if the pre-treatment flock egg count was ≥200 eggs per gram and the interval post-sampling was 10–14 days for BZ products, 4–7 days for LEV products and 14–18 days for ML products. These criteria reduced the number of valid tests to 369, 19.5% of all tests conducted. If the reduction post-treatment was ≥95% the treatment was considered effective. Only 51% of treatments were considered effective using this criterion. There was a significant difference in efficacy between the anthelmintic drug classes with BZ effective in only 30% of treatments, LEV effective in 52% of cases and ML effective in 76% of cases.ConclusionsGastrointestinal nematode anthelmintic treatments, as practiced on Irish farms, have a high failure rate. There was a significant difference between the efficacies of the anthelmintic classes with BZ the least effective and ML the most effective.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High level of treatment failure with commonly used anthelmintics on Irish sheep farms

Keane

Keegan

Good³

et al. 2014

Ir Vet J

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“…AAD resistance was absent in all flocks tested (McMahon et al, 2013a). Between 2005 and 2011, a number of changes in sheep management practices in NI were identified (McMahon et al, 2013c) which would be expected to slow the spread of anthelmintic resistance.…”

Section: Anthelmintic Use and Anthelmintic Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there are no more new anthelmintics on the horizon and evidence suggests that resistance emerges within a relatively short time period (<10 years) following the commercial release of a new anthelmintic compound (Kaplan, 2004). Reports of resistance to MLs are increasing in frequency in NI and elsewhere in the UK (Bartley et al, 2012;Jones, Pearson, & Jeckel, 2012;Stubbings, 2012;McMahon et al, 2013a). It is clear that effective parasite control in the future requires action in the present to increase awareness of best practice procedures to minimise the spread of resistance and the occurrence of drug residues in livestock produce.…”

Section: The Anthelmintic Challenge To Be Facedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential impacts of climate change on veterinary medicinal residues in livestock produce: An island of Ireland perspective††This paper is one of a series of reviews on “Climate Change and Food Safety – an Island of Ireland perspective”.

Cooper

McMahon

Fairweather

et al. 2015

Trends in Food Science & Technology

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Increasing resistance to multiple anthelmintic classes in gastrointestinal nematodes on sheep farms in southwest England

Bull

Glover²,

Vineer

et al. 2022

Veterinary Record

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Background: Anthelmintic resistance (AR) in gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) is increasing globally, and farmers are encouraged to adopt sustainable control measures. Haemonchus contortus is increasingly reported in the UK, potentially complicating effective GIN control. Methods: Faecal egg count reduction tests (FECRT) were conducted on 13 farms in north Devon, England, UK in 2016. Relative abundance of H. contortus was quantified using peanut agglutinin staining and used to estimate faecal egg count reduction percentages (FECR%) using the eggCounts R package. Results: On average, farms had GIN resistance to three anthelmintic classes. No farms had susceptibility to all anthelmintics tested. AR was more prevalent in 2016 than on the same farms in 2013. H. contortus was present on 85% of the farms tested and comprised on average 6% (0%-52%) of GIN eggs before treatment. Resistance or suspected resistance to all anthelmintics tested was observed in this species on different farms. Conclusion:The results demonstrate diversity of AR profiles on farms, apparent progression of AR within a 3-year period, and challenges detecting AR in mixed-species infections. Where possible, interpretation of mixed-species FECRT should take into account the relative abundance of species pre-and post-treatment to identify pragmatic treatment options targeting individual genera.

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Anthelmintic resistance in Northern Ireland (I): Prevalence of resistance in ovine gastrointestinal nematodes, as determined through faecal egg count reduction testing

Cited by 41 publications

References 34 publications

High level of treatment failure with commonly used anthelmintics on Irish sheep farms

High level of treatment failure with commonly used anthelmintics on Irish sheep farms

Potential impacts of climate change on veterinary medicinal residues in livestock produce: An island of Ireland perspective††This paper is one of a series of reviews on “Climate Change and Food Safety – an Island of Ireland perspective”.

Increasing resistance to multiple anthelmintic classes in gastrointestinal nematodes on sheep farms in southwest England

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