Anthelmintic efficacy and pharmacokinetics of pour-on eprinomectin (1mg/kg bodyweight) against gastrointestinal and pulmonary nematode infections in goats

Hamel, Dietmar; Visser, Martin; Kellermann, Michael; Kvaternick, Valerie; Rehbein, Steffen

doi:10.1016/j.smallrumres.2015.04.003

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In addition, there is also indication of efficacy of topical 0.5% w / v eprinomectin against Oestrus ovis nasal bot infestation [ 16 , 17 ]. Overall, the therapeutic efficacy demonstrated in the present studies in sheep was very similar to the array of nematode parasites effectively treated by the administration of topical 0.5% w / v eprinomectin at 1 mg per kg body weight to goats [ 39 , 40 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…40], T max appears to occur later in sheep, indicating slower absorption possibly due to the difference of the structure of the skin/hair coat characteristics between the two species. Overall, similar pharmacokinetic profiles were demonstrated for topical 0.5% w / v eprinomectin in sheep and goats which translate to a similar spectrum of anthelmintic activity in sheep (these Studies 1, 2 and 3) and goats [ 39 , 40 , 49 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

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Eprinomectin pour-on (EPRINEX® Pour-on, Merial): efficacy against gastrointestinal and pulmonary nematodes and pharmacokinetics in sheep

Hamel¹,

Bosco

Rinaldi

et al. 2017

BMC Vet Res

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BackgroundThe anthelmintic efficacy of the 0.5% w/v topical formulation of eprinomectin (EPN), EPRINEX® Pour-on (Merial) when administered at 1 mg/kg body weight was evaluated in sheep in two dose confirmation laboratory studies and one multicenter field study. In addition, the pharmacokinetics of EPN when administered at that dosage to adult sheep was determined.ResultsIn the two dose confirmation studies, which included 10 sheep each, sheep treated with topical EPN had significantly (p < 0.05) fewer of the following nematodes than the untreated sheep with overall reduction of nematode counts by >99%: adult Dictyocaulus filaria, Haemonchus contortus, Teladorsagia circumcincta(pinnata/trifurcata), Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Cooperia curticei, Nematodirus battus, Strongyloides papillosus, Chabertia ovina and Oesophagostomum venulosum, and inhibited fourth-stage Teladorsagia larvae.A total of 196 sheep harboring naturally acquired gastrointestinal nematode infections were included in the field efficacy study at two sites each in Germany (48 Merino x Ile de France lambs, 52 adult Merino females) and in Italy (adult male and female Bagnolese, Lacaune, Lacaune x Bagnolese, Bagnolese x Sarda sheep; 48 animals per site). Animals were blocked on pre-treatment body weight and within each block, one animal was randomly assigned to the control (untreated) group and three animals were randomly assigned to be treated with topical EPN. Examination of feces 14 days after treatment demonstrated that, relative to the controls, topical EPN-treated sheep had significantly (p < 0.0001) lower strongylid egg counts. Reduction was ≥97% at each site and 98.6% across all sites.Pharmacokinetics of EPN following single treatment with topical EPN were determined in eight ~4.5 year old female Merino cross sheep based on the analysis of plasma samples which were collected from two hours to 21 days following treatment. The main pharmacokinetic parameters were: Cmax 6.20 ± 1.71 ng/mL, AUClast 48.8 ± 19.2 day*ng/mL, Tmax 3.13 ± 2.99 days and T1/2 6.40 ± 2.95 days.No treatment-related health problems or adverse drug events were observed in any study.ConclusionThese studies demonstrated 0.5% w/v EPN administered topically at 1 mg/kg body weight to be highly efficacious against a broad range of ovine gastrointestinal nematodes and D. filaria lungworms and well tolerated by sheep of different ages, breeds, gender and physiological status.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Eprinomectin pour-on (EPRINEX® Pour-on, Merial): efficacy against gastrointestinal and pulmonary nematodes and pharmacokinetics in sheep

Hamel¹,

Bosco

Rinaldi

et al. 2017

BMC Vet Res

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“…As was also the case for strongylida, the EPG registered in the July sampling was significantly lower than that in its June antecedent, likely owing to the immediate efficacy of eprinomectin against Nematodirus sp. (18,19). In the subsequent samplings, the egg excretion trend differed from that observed for strongylida; although the Nematodirus sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Finally, the trend of EPG of S. papillosus seemed utterly unaffected by anthelmintic treatment throughout the sampling period. This result was not unexpected because eprinomectin is not registered as effective against S. papillosus, and Hamel et al (19) observed an efficacy of < 90% in goats treated with a dose of 1 mg/kg b.w. The rise in S. papillosus EPG in the August sampling was not definitively explainable, but possibly a substantial decrease in other GIN due to eprinomectin treatment could have reduced competition in its ecological niche.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Gastrointestinal nematodes of goats: host–parasite relationship differences in breeds at summer mountain pasture in northern Italy

Zanzani

Gazzonis

Olivieri

et al. 2019

Journal of Veterinary Research

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IntroductionThe Orobic goat is a hardy breed native to the Orobic Alps (Lombardy, northern Italy). The aim of the study was the assessment of gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) egg excretion in Alpine and Saanen (cosmopolite breeds) and Orobic grazing goats, after a strategic treatment with eprinomectin in late June.Material and MethodsIndividual faecal samples from a mixed flock of cosmopolite and Orobic goats were collected and analysed by the FLOTAC double technique every three weeks from June to September.ResultsStrongylida was the primary GIN infection observed in goats that grazed on Alpine pastures; a strategic treatment with eprinomectin led to a prolonged reduction of egg excretion during the whole study period. Egg excretion was also influenced by breed. Pluriparous Orobic does were able to control reinfection better than the pluriparous cosmopolite does. Regarding Nematodirus sp. eggs per gram of faeces (EPG), the autochthonous Orobic breed presented higher values than the cosmopolite breeds. However, cosmopolite goats presented higher EPG values of Strongyloides papillosus than their Orobic counterparts in August.ConclusionsFurther studies on genetic features of local autochthonous goats, such as the Orobic breed, are needed, since they could reveal peculiar characteristics of susceptibility, resistance or resilience to GIN infection, providing genetic resources for selection.

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“…It is accepted that goats need EPM administered as a pour-on at a higher dosage compared to cattle (1-mg/ kg bodyweight vs 0.5-mg/kg bodyweight, respectively) (Chartier and Pors 2004;Cringoli et al 2004;Hamel et al 2015Hamel et al , 2021Rehbein et al 2014). The dosage for goats is, nevertheless, a matter of debate, mainly focusing on female dairy goats as lactation is considered a physiological covariate which may alter the pharmacokinetics (PK), and thus, the pharmacological response or anthelmintic efficacy of EPM (Dupuy et al 2001;Lespine et al 2012;Rostang et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships of pour-on administered eprinomectin in nematode-infected lactating female and male castrated dairy breed goats

et al. 2022

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Eprinomectin (EPM), a macrocyclic lactone with low excretion in milk and high efficacy against endoparasites and ectoparasites, is widely used in veterinary medicine. In this paper, EPM pharmacokinetics and anthelmintic efficacy previously established in one study with lactating female goats and three studies with male castrated growing dairy breed goats (all with induced mixed adult gastrointestinal nematode parasitism and treated with a single 1-mg/kg pour-on administration of EPM) were retrospectively evaluated using pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) modeling. The PK-PD analyses between EPM exposure (Cmax and AUClast) and anthelmintic response (percent efficacy) were performed for lactating female goats only and pooled lactating female and male castrated goats. The Cmax and AUClast showed no significant difference between lactating female goats and combined male castrated goats. PK-PD modeling demonstrated Trichostrongylus colubriformis, a small-intestine nematode, as a suitable indicator of the EPM nematocidal efficacy. The EC90 values obtained by modeling Cmax vs T. colubriformis were 3.50 and 2.43 ng/mL for lactating female goats only and pooled lactating female and male castrated goats, respectively. The values of AUClast needed for 90% efficacy of T. colubriformis were 25.4 and 21.1 day*ng/mL for lactating female goats only and pooled lactating female and male castrated goats, respectively. Overall, the predicted pharmacological response against T. colubriformis is similar for lactating goats only and pooled lactating female and male castrated goats and correlates with observed efficacy. In conclusion, a dosage of 1-mg/kg EPM as a pour-on is sufficient to ensure efficacy against common nematodes in both lactating female and male castrated goats.

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Anthelmintic efficacy and pharmacokinetics of pour-on eprinomectin (1mg/kg bodyweight) against gastrointestinal and pulmonary nematode infections in goats

Cited by 13 publications

References 24 publications

Eprinomectin pour-on (EPRINEX® Pour-on, Merial): efficacy against gastrointestinal and pulmonary nematodes and pharmacokinetics in sheep

Eprinomectin pour-on (EPRINEX® Pour-on, Merial): efficacy against gastrointestinal and pulmonary nematodes and pharmacokinetics in sheep

Gastrointestinal nematodes of goats: host–parasite relationship differences in breeds at summer mountain pasture in northern Italy

Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships of pour-on administered eprinomectin in nematode-infected lactating female and male castrated dairy breed goats

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