Anthelmintic dose selection by farmers

Rb, Besier; Hopkins, David L.

doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.1988.tb14302.x

Cited by 37 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…There were no indications of problems with underdosing even though eye-measure was used as weight estimation method. This has been mentioned previously as a risk factor for development of AR [1]. Advice obtained from veterinarians regarding annually number of treatments, choice of anthelmintic, or time of treatment, did not have any significant effect on the reduction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Risk Factors for High Endoparasitic Burden and the Efficiency of a Single Anthelmintic Treatment of Danish Horses

Larsen¹,

Lendal²,

Chriél³

et al. 2002

Acta Vet Scand

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-A questionnaire survey regarding endoparasite control practices in Danish horse herds was carried out in 1995. The participating veterinarians and herd owners were sampled using convenience and purposive sampling. In the analysis of risk factors for development of a high endoparasitic burden (>200 eggs per gram faeces) 903 horses were sampled and the analysis of the efficiency of a single anthelmintic treatment was based on 605 horses. The following factors had a significant effect on the endoparasitic burden: herd type, age of the horses, use of pasture rotation, anthelmintic treatment of horses visiting the herd, use of an adviser in the planning of endoparasite control and advice regarding pasture rotation. An interaction between pasture rotation and advice regarding pasture rotation was found, but due to high collinearity this was not reported. The factors influencing significantly on the reduction of the faecal egg count after a single anthelmintic treatment were the type of herd, the age of the horse, the drug used, and the anthelmintic-resistance-status of the herd. A negative effect of permanent pastures was observed. If pasture hygiene was performed on the advice of the veterinarian, the effect of a single anthelmintic treatment was less compared to a single anthelmintic treatment without any advice. An interaction between the treatment group and the resistance-status of the herd was found. Additional factors, normally accounted for, when endoparasites and anthelmintic resistance is discussed, were investigated, but not found significant in this study. endoparasites; epidemiology; anthelmintic resistance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Risk Factors for High Endoparasitic Burden and the Efficiency of a Single Anthelmintic Treatment of Danish Horses

Larsen¹,

Lendal²,

Chriél³

et al. 2002

Acta Vet Scand

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“…II) are now recommended for treating goats with most anthelmintics [22]. Under-dosing caused by the under-estimation of the animal's weight is nothing less than anecdotal since epidemiological surveys mention that bodyweights of sheep and goats are estimated by the eye [8,36,67,68,83,100], and that anthelmintic doses are not calculated for the heaviest animals of the flock [32,67,68,83,100]. In French dairy goat herds, the bodyweight of goats was usually evaluated at more or less 50 kg in the 1980s [17] which grossly under-estimated the real weight of the goats.…”

Section: Under-dosingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sheep and goat nematode resistance to anthelmintics: pro and cons among breeding management factors

et al. 2002

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-Although the molecular bases of resistance to anthelmintic families have been intensively studied, the contributing factors for the development of anthelmintic resistance are less well known. Clear recommendations must be given to farmers in order to delay the onset of anthelmintic resistance. Until now, the main advice has concerned the reduction of treatment frequency in order to slow down the spread of resistance. Anthelmintic resistance development depends mostly on an efficient selection pressure. This means that a high treatment frequency is neither necessary nor sufficient to select for resistance. The contribution of resistant worms, which have survived an anthelmintic treatment, to the subsequent generation is the key factor that controls resistance spread. This point is illustrated by five surveys conducted on sheep and goat farms from France and Morocco. In the 52 farms studied, less than three anthelmintic treatments were given each year. Three characteristics of breeding management can be identified in the build up of anthelmintic resistance: (1) the introduction of resistant worms through the purchase of sheep/goats or the use of common pastures, grazed by several herds/flocks, (2) under-dosing of hosts and the repeated use of one class of drugs, (3) the size of the population in refugia (infective larvae on pastures) at the time of the treatment. The role played by these breeding management factors in selecting for resistance is discussed. The most efficient way to limit the increase of anthelmintic resistance remains the reduction of the selection pressure by drugs, and optimal timing to maximise their efficacy. Bien que les bases moléculaires de la résistance aux différentes familles d'anthelminthiques aient été très étudiées, les facteurs permettant le développement de la résistance anthelminthique sont moins bien connus. Des recommandations claires sont nécessaires aux éleveurs si l'on souhaite retarder l'apparition de la résistance aux anthelminthiques. La principale recommandation a consisté à réduire la fréquence des traitements de façon à ralentir le développement de la résis-tance. Le développement de la résistance anthelminthique dépend essentiellement d'une pression de sélection efficace. Cela signifie qu'une forte fréquence de traitements n'est ni nécessaire ni suffisante pour sélectionner la résistance. La contribution des vers résistants, qui ont survécu au traitement anthelminthique, à la génération suivante est le facteur clé qui contrôle le développement de la résis-tance. Ce point est illustré par cinq enquêtes réalisées dans des élevages ovins et caprins de France et du Maroc. Dans les 52 élevages étudiés, moins de trois traitements anthelminthiques par an étaient réalisés. Trois conditions d'élevage ont pu être mises en évidence comme étant impliquées dans le dé-veloppement de la résistance anthelminthique :

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“…The irrational perception of a need to administer praziquantel treatments for Moniezia expansa tapeworms biases the choice of anthelmintic drug for the control of H contortus towards using a combination product containing a benzimidazole anthelmintic drug, which the authors have shown to be ineffective. Furthermore, the use of anthelmintic drugs in a standard dose rate tablet formulation presents a high risk of exposure of the helminths to subtherapeutic drug concentrations, which may further select for anthelmintic resistance (Besier and Hopkins 1988). This scenario is unhelpful in addressing efficient and sustainable infectious disease control needed to ensure food security and shows clear needs to develop objective approaches to place health management of southern Indian goats in context and develop control programmes integrating responsible medicines use.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of productivity in a south Indian Malabari goat herd shows opportunities for planned animal health management to improve food security

et al. 2017

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Here the authors report the objective veterinary clinical measurement of productivity in a representative south Indian Malabari goat herd. The authors show failure to meet pragmatic production targets that are commensurate with the animals' genetic potential or adequate to meet the demands of global food security. The authors suggest that this situation may have arisen as a consequence of animal husbandry constraints and protein undernutrition and imply the involvement of nematode parasitism. Benzimidazole resistance was detected in species, showing the need for better understanding of the principles of sustainable helminth parasite control within the southern Indian context. This study highlights the need to understand the true costs of goat production in seasonally resource-poor environments, while also considering its impact on the overall ecosystem in which the animals are placed. They conclude that pragmatic opportunities for improvements in goat production efficiency lie in the development of problem-focused planned animal health and nutrition management.

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Anthelmintic dose selection by farmers

Cited by 37 publications

References 3 publications

Risk Factors for High Endoparasitic Burden and the Efficiency of a Single Anthelmintic Treatment of Danish Horses

Risk Factors for High Endoparasitic Burden and the Efficiency of a Single Anthelmintic Treatment of Danish Horses

Sheep and goat nematode resistance to anthelmintics: pro and cons among breeding management factors

Investigation of productivity in a south Indian Malabari goat herd shows opportunities for planned animal health management to improve food security

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