Anterograde and retrograde amnesia in a person with bilateral fornix lesions following removal of a colloid cyst

Poreh, Amir; Winocur, Gordon; Moscovitch, Morris; Backon, Matti; Goshen, Elinor; Ram, Zvi; Feldman, Zeev

doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.05.020

Cited by 62 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…This explanation would not be consistent with the standard model of memory consolidation, but is in keeping with the major rival theory, Multiple Trace Theory (MTT; e.g., Moscovitch et al, 2005;Nadel & Moscovitch, 2001;Rosenbaum et al, 2008), which proposes that episodic memories remain dependent on the MTLs throughout the lifetime, with a gradual accumulation of 'multiple traces' over time as a result of cycles of conscious or unconscious memory rehearsal. The temporally extended episodic memory deficits we observed, together with the restricted, temporally graded semantic memory impairment is consistent with MTT and is similar to that previously observed in numerous patients with MTL damage (e.g., Moscovitch et al, 2005;Poreh et al, 2006;Rosenbaum et al, 2008;Steinvorth et al, 2005;Viskontas et al, 2000; but see Bayley et al, 2005;Kirwan et al, 2008).…”

Section: The Pathogenesis Of Remote Memory Impairment In Transient Epsupporting

confidence: 90%

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015 Remote memory deficits in transient epileptic amnesia

Milton¹,

Muhlert²,

Pindus³

et al. 2010

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

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Section: The Pathogenesis Of Remote Memory Impairment In Transient Epsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Examination of patients with MTL damage has produced mixed results; some studies favour the standard consolidation model (e.g., Bayley et al, 2005;Kirwan et al, 2008); others MTT (e.g., Poreh et al, 2006;Rosenbaum et al, 2008;Steinvorth et al, 2005).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

015 Remote memory deficits in transient epileptic amnesia

Milton¹,

Muhlert²,

Pindus³

et al. 2010

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

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“…The area in the brain that is typically associated with the formation of new memories is the hippocampal formation (Squire & Schacter, 2002). Studies have repeatedly shown that direct or indirect damage to this area, particularly in the left hemisphere, produces severe verbal declarative memory deficits (Di Gennaro et al, 2006;Poreh et al, 2006). Moscovitch (2008) proposed that the hippocampal formation is a "dumb" module.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test: Normative data for the Arabic-speaking population and analysis of the differential influence of demographic variables.

Poreh

Sultan

Levin

2012

Psychology & Neuroscience

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The Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) is the one of the most widely used neuropsychological tests of verbal memory. It has been translated into numerous languages including Spanish, German, Arabic, Hebrew, Czech, Portuguese, and English. The present study examined the hypothesis that the learning of word lists forms an algorithmic pattern across all cultures. To this end, a sample of 200 Arabic-speaking Omani adults between the ages of 18 and 50 years was collected. The resulting norms were then compared withexisting American and Brazilian samples. The study confirmed that the first trial on the RAVLT correlates with demographic variables, whereas the learning slope on subsequent trials is almost identical across all cultures. Based on the above finding, the slope of the verbal learning test is hypothesized to measure a psychophysiological process linked with the hippocampal formation and allows for the laying down of new memories. In contrast, the first trial of the test is amenable to more cultural, demographic, and environmental factors.

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“…All four patients had MRI-confirmed lesions either to the hippocampi bilaterally (N.S., E.C., and Sh.B.) or to the extended hippocampal system through severance of the fornices bilaterally (A.D.) (13,14), which interferes with hippocampal input and output (Fig. 2, Table 1, Figs.…”

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confidence: 99%

Rapid neocortical acquisition of long-term arbitrary associations independent of the hippocampus

Sharon

Moscovitch

Gilboa

2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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320

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Anterograde amnesia following hippocampal damage involves the loss of the capacity to form new declarative memories but leaves nondeclarative memory processes intact. Current theories of declarative memory suggest the existence of two complementary memory systems: a hippocampal-based system that specializes in rapid acquisition of specific events and a neocortical system that slowly learns through environmental statistical regularities and requires the initial support of the hippocampal system. Contrary to this notion, we demonstrate a neurocognitive mechanism that enables rapid acquisition of novel arbitrary associations independently of the hippocampus. This mechanism has been dubbed "fast mapping" (FM) and is believed to support the rapid acquisition of vocabulary in children as young as 16 mo of age. We used FM to teach novel word-picture associations to four profoundly amnesic patients with hippocampal system damage. Patients were able to acquire arbitrary associations through FM normally, despite profound impairment on a matched standard associative memory task. Most importantly, they retained what they learned through FM after a week's delay, when they were around chance level on the standard task. By contrast, two patients with unilateral damage to the left polar temporal neocortex were impaired on FM, suggesting that this cortical region is critical for associative learning through FM. Left perirhinal and entorhinal cortices might also play a role in learning through FM. Contrary to current theories, these findings indicate that rapid acquisition of declarativelike (relational) memory can be accomplished independently of the hippocampus and that neocortical plasticity can be induced rapidly to support novel arbitrary associations.consolidation | medial temporal lobe | neocortex | semantic memory M emory consolidation is a gradual, time-dependent, reorganization process by which memories become stable. Systems consolidation of declarative memory is thought to occur when memories that are initially supported by both the hippocampus and the neocortex become hippocampus-independent over periods of time that range from weeks to years (1-3). Systems consolidation is thought to be gradual because rapid acquisition of novel information by the neocortex would cause interference with existing knowledge structures ["catastrophic interference" (1)]. Therefore, novel associations always depend initially on the hippocampus, which specializes in rapid representation of novel associations or arbitrary relations. The hippocampus, in turn, supports the gradual changes in neocortical connections that allow for the incorporation of novel information into existing knowledge structures (1-4). We hypothesized that an exception to this rule might be observed in a process called "fast mapping" (FM) (5, 6), which supports the astounding ability of toddlers as young as 16 mo of age (7) to acquire rapidly vast numbers of novel word-referent associations. We predicted that adults with lesions to the hippocampus might be able to lea...

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Anterograde and retrograde amnesia in a person with bilateral fornix lesions following removal of a colloid cyst

Cited by 62 publications

References 39 publications

015 Remote memory deficits in transient epileptic amnesia

015 Remote memory deficits in transient epileptic amnesia

The Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test: Normative data for the Arabic-speaking population and analysis of the differential influence of demographic variables.

Rapid neocortical acquisition of long-term arbitrary associations independent of the hippocampus

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