Anterior tooth root morphology and size in Neanderthals: Taxonomic and functional implications

Cabec, Adeline Le; Gunz, Philipp; Kupczik, Kornelius; Braga, José; Hublin, Jean‐Jacques

doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2012.08.011

Cited by 59 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 124 publications

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“…More detailed morphometric analyses are needed to investigate detailed evolutionary changes in root morphology of the Pleistocene Homo (e.g. Kupczik and Hublin, 2010;Emonet et al, 2012;Le Cabec et al, 2013). Jacob et al (2006) listed the following molar traits of LB1 as evidence to link this individual with a modern 'pygmy population' from Flores: (1) a tendency for the longitudinal fissure to shift away from the buccolingual axis on mandibular molars, (2) rhomboid outlines of upper molars reflecting hypocone reduction, and (3) squared lower molar outlines related to hypoconulid loss.…”

Section: Mandibular Premolar Rootmentioning

confidence: 99%

Descriptions of the dental remains of <i>Homo floresiensis</i>

Kaifu

Kono

Sutikna

et al. 2015

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Dental remains of Homo floresiensis excavated during [2002][2003][2004] at Liang Bua, Flores, Indonesia, consist of one partial maxillary dentition, two nearly complete mandibular dentitions, and four isolated teeth. We present here morphological descriptions of all these specimens and report aspects of their dentition, occlusion, and oral health condition. This dental assemblage represents probably five but possibly four or six individuals. These different individuals share similar dental characteristics, supporting the view that the Liang Bua H. floresiensis assemblage represents a single population. We also reassess the previous claims for primitive and modern aspects of the H. floresiensis teeth. The previous studies reached conflicting conclusions: some researchers claim that these teeth are fully modern, whereas others highlight premolar and other morphologies that suggest their direct evolutionary link with the African earliest form of Homo or Australopithecus rather than with H. erectus. Neither of these views are supported. The H. floresiensis teeth exhibit a mosaic of primitive, derived, and unique characters, with the reported primitive aspects broadly comparable to the morphologies observed in H. erectus sensu lato. Although a more comprehensive comparative analysis is needed to fully illustrate dental morphological affinities of this dwarfed hominin species, we find no grounds for the hypothesis that H. floresiensis originated from the small-bodied, primitive hominins such as H. habilis sensu lato.

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Section: Mandibular Premolar Rootmentioning

confidence: 99%

Descriptions of the dental remains of <i>Homo floresiensis</i>

Kaifu

Kono

Sutikna

et al. 2015

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“…While the application of these methods requires some script writing, this brings the added benefit of flexibility and automaticy, and both MATLAB (Mathworks) and Python, which were used in Rathnayaka et al (2011) and the present study, respectively, are user-friendly languages. Thus, the gradient-based method may represent one of promising options for the 3D surface reconstruction of skulls, although it is not yet widely used in the field of geometric morphometrics (but see Hublin et al, 2017;Le Cabec, Gunz, Kupczik, Braga, & Hublin, 2013;Le Cabec, Kupczik, Gunz, Braga, & Hublin, 2012;Navarro & Maga, 2016;Pan et al, 2017).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of different segmentation methods on geometric morphometric data collection from primate skulls

Ito

2019

Methods Ecol Evol

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An increasing number of studies are analysing the shapes of objects using geometric morphometrics with tomographic data, which are often segmented and transformed to three‐dimensional (3D) surface models before measurement. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different image segmentation methods on geometric morphometric data collection using computed tomography data collected from non‐human primate skulls. Three segmentation methods based on a visually selected threshold, a half‐maximum height protocol and a gradient and watershed algorithm were compared. For each method, the efficiency of surface reconstruction, the accuracy of landmark placement and the level of variation in shape and size compared with various levels of biological variation were evaluated. The visual‐based method inflated the surface in high‐density anatomical regions, whereas the half‐maximum height protocol resulted in a large number of artificial holes and erosion. However, the gradient‐based method mitigated these issues and generated the most efficient surface model. The segmentation method used had a much smaller effect on shape and size variation than interspecific and inter‐individual differences. However, this effect was statistically significant and not negligible when compared with intra‐individual (fluctuating asymmetric) variation. Although the gradient‐based method is not widely used in geometric morphometric analyses, it may be one of promising options for reconstructing 3D surfaces. When evaluating small variations, such as fluctuating asymmetry, care should be taken around combining 3D data that were obtained using different segmentation methods.

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“…Although incomplete, the LF11 root length (≥19.9 mm on the lingual side) falls well within the Neandertal range ( n = 12, 17.69–25.16) and exceeds the range of variation of recent modern humans ( n = 12, 13.53–18.71 mm) (Le Cabec et al, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Finally, the size of the root of the URI1 was characterized by its surface area and volume measurements following Le Cabec, Gunz, Kupczik, Braga, and Hublin ().…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolated teeth from La Ferrassie: Reassessment of the old collections, new remains, and their implications

Becam

Verna

Gómez‐Robles

et al. 2019

American J Phys Anthropol

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Objectives: We provide the description and comparative analysis of six new teeth from the site of La Ferrassie. Our goal is to discuss their taxonomic attribution, and to provide an updated inventory of Neandertal and modern human remains from La Ferrassie in their associated archeological context. Materials and methods:We use external and internal anatomy, classic morphometrics, and geometric morphometrics. The teeth from La Ferrassie are compared to several samples of contemporary Neandertals and upper Paleolithic modern humans and to recent modern humans.Results: Three specimens are classified as Neandertals, two as modern humans, and one remains unclassified.Discussion: Based on the previously known fossil samples and the new teeth reported here, there are currently a minimum of four adult and five immature Neandertal individuals coming from the "Grand Abri" and a minimum of two modern human adult individuals: one from "Grand Abri" and one from "Grotte." It is noteworthy that the spatial distribution of the recovered Neandertal remains is not restricted to the area where the LF1-LF 8 were found but now covers the full extension of the excavated area. Moreover, while both Neandertal and modern human occupations have yielded isolated human remains, the partial-to-complete skeletons only belong to Neandertals. These considerations open new perspectives for the understanding of the occupation and use of the La Ferrassie site. K E Y W O R D S anatomically modern humans/Homo sapiens, enamel-dentine junction, microtomography, Neandertal, patrimonial collections, Pleistocene/Paleolithic

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Anterior tooth root morphology and size in Neanderthals: Taxonomic and functional implications

Cited by 59 publications

References 124 publications

Descriptions of the dental remains of <i>Homo floresiensis</i>

Descriptions of the dental remains of <i>Homo floresiensis</i>

Effects of different segmentation methods on geometric morphometric data collection from primate skulls

Isolated teeth from La Ferrassie: Reassessment of the old collections, new remains, and their implications

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