Anterior Segment Findings in Vitamin A Deficiency: A Case Series

Rubino, Pierangela; Mora, Paolo; Ungaro, Nicola; Gandolfi, Stefano; Orsoni, Jelka G.

doi:10.1155/2015/181267

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…Captive pangolins suffering from vitamin A deficiency at the PRB‐SCNU exhibited lacrimal eyes, conjunctival lesions, a blurred white spot on the eye surface and decreased photosensitive ability. These signs are similar to those of vitamin A deficiency in humans (Rubino et al, 2015), cows (Chen, 2018), rabbits (Sun, 2017) and pigs (Liu, 2018). All affected pangolins recovered following treatment with dietary supplementation of vitamins A and D. Together with its derivatives, vitamin A regulates multiple processes including reproduction, embryogenesis, vision, growth, cell differentiation and proliferation, maintenance of epithelial cell integrity and immune function (Dadon & Reifen, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Vitamin A deficiency and its treatment in captive Sunda pangolins

Zhang

Yang

et al. 2020

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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The high incidence of disease in captive pangolins is a major obstacle in pangolin‐conservation breeding programs. Therefore, elucidating pangolins’ susceptibility to disease is the key to conservation progress. At the Pangolin Research Base for Artificial Rescue and Conservation Breeding of South China Normal University (PRB‐SCNU), vitamin A deficiency was diagnosed in 14 captive Sunda pangolins. Typical eye signs included lacrimal eyes, keratopathy and a blank, milky orb. The afflicted pangolins were treated with vitamins A and D for 15–30 days; all individuals recovered. We report the detection and treatment of vitamin A deficiency in captive Sunda pangolins at the PRB‐SCNU. Our results could provide guidance for the future prevention and treatment of vitamin A deficiency and associated diseases in pangolin species, both to reduce the incidence of these diseases in captive pangolins and to aid conservation efforts.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Vitamin A deficiency and its treatment in captive Sunda pangolins

Zhang

Yang

et al. 2020

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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“…The study from Khartoum[ 4 ] also reported corneal xerosis, keratitis, and corneal opacity in their study population, while Reddy et al [ 9 ] in America also reported similar occurence of corneal lesions in malnourished children examined. Rubino[ 10 ] in Italy and Mado[ 11 ] in Zaria, Nigeria, also reported Bitot spots and staphyloma respectively in case reports of children primarily presenting with PEM. A study from Northwest Ethiopia[ 12 ] however reported Bitot spots (4.5%) and night blindness (3.1%) as the commonest features of xerophthalmia, while corneal xerosis and corneal scarring were also documented.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular morbidity among children with protein energy malnutrition in Northwest Nigeria

Zubairu

Oladigbolu

Samaila

et al. 2022

J West Afr Coll Surg

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Background: Protein energy malnutrition (PEM) remains a major health challenge in Nigeria, especially Northern Nigeria. Its association with ocular morbidity and irreversible blindness has been previously documented. There are however limited recent literature on these ocular manifestations, which may have evolved over the years. This study is thus relevant to establish a current baseline for the ocular manifestations associated with PEM in Northern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a comparative, cross-sectional study. The sample size was 400 children; 200 with PEM, and 200 without PEM. Consenting parents with children between 6 – 59 months of age diagnosed with PEM, and those without PEM were recruited. Sociodemographic characteristics, general and ocular history were documented. A detailed ocular examination which included visual acuity assessment, examination of ocular adnexae, as well as the anterior and posterior segment of the eyes were done. Data was collected in a structured proforma, and analysed with the SPSS version 21, and Windows WinPepi softwares. Results: Abnormal ocular findings were significantly higher in the PEM group compared to the non-malnourished group [46.5% vs 24%, OR = 2.910 (1.891, 4.477), p = < 0.001]. The predominant ocular examination findings in the PEM and non-malnourished groups were infective conjunctivitis (35.5% vs 17%), lid oedema (11% vs 0%), signs of xerophthalmia (6% vs 0%) and visual impairment (3% vs 0%) Conclusion: PEM is still complicated by varying severity of ocular morbidity, with the potential of progression to irreversible blindness.

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“…Vitamin A deficiency is diagnosed based on Serum Retinol Levels (SLR), clinical (<0.35mmol/L), subclinical (0.36-0.70mmol/L), suboptimal (0.71-1.04mmol/L), and normal (>1.05mmol/L) [16]. Some of the consequences of VAD are, for example, that it is considered the leading cause of blindness in children and a risk factor of disease and death from severe infections [17]. VAD also causes night blindness in pregnant women and may increase the risk of maternal mortality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin A deficiency regulates the expression of ferritin in young male Wistar rats

et al. 2021

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Objective Iron deficiency and vitamin A deficiency are two of the main micronutrient deficiencies. Both micronutrients are essential for human life and children's development. This study aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin A deficiency on ferritin and transferrin receptors' expression and its relationship with iron deficiency. Methods Five diets with different vitamin A-to-iron ratios were given to thirty five 21-day-old male Wistar rats (separated in groups of seven animals each). The animals received the diet for six weeks before being euthanized. Serum iron and retinol levels were measured as biochemical parameters. Their duodenums, spleens, and livers were analyzed for the expression of ferritin and transferrin receptors by Western Blotting. Results Regarding biochemical parameters, the results show that when both vitamin A and iron are insufficient, the serum iron content (74.74µg/dL) is significantly lower than the control group (255.86µg/dL). The results also show that vitamin A deficiency does not influence the expression of the transferrin receptor, but only of the ferritin one. Conclusion Vitamin A deficiency regulates the expression of ferritin in young male Wistar rats.

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Anterior Segment Findings in Vitamin A Deficiency: A Case Series

Cited by 6 publications

References 7 publications

Vitamin A deficiency and its treatment in captive Sunda pangolins

Vitamin A deficiency and its treatment in captive Sunda pangolins

Ocular morbidity among children with protein energy malnutrition in Northwest Nigeria

Vitamin A deficiency regulates the expression of ferritin in young male Wistar rats

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