Anterior fontanelle size in the neonate.

Davies, David; Ansari, Behnaz; Cooke, Theresa

doi:10.1136/adc.50.1.81

Cited by 36 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…have conducted the largest study of clinically assessed AF size in the neonate ( n = 2215); this cross‐sectional study demonstrated the extent of the normal variation present in the Sri Lankan population, with 97% of neonates having a SA between 90 and 450 mm 2 . Published literature has demonstrated significant ethnic variation in fontanelle size, with averages ranging from 225 mm 2 (±79 mm 2 ) in the Hispanic population to 340 mm 2 (±60 mm 2 ) in Nigeria …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…20 Published literature has demonstrated significant ethnic variation in fontanelle size, with averages ranging from 225 mm 2 (AE79 mm 2 ) in the Hispanic population to 340 mm 2 (AE60 mm 2 ) in Nigeria. 1,[21][22][23] Previous studies have suggested that the AF size grows by approximately a third to a maximum size at 2-3 months before subsequently shrinking and fusing. 6,12,17 Our study did not support this hypothesis but rather shows a continual decrease, consistent with Mathur et al 16 Furthermore, in the Nigerian population, rather than growing, the fontanelle already shrinks to 82% of the original size by 1-3 months, suggesting this pattern may be ethnic specific.…”

Section: Closure Of the Afmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Closure of the anterior and posterior fontanelle in the New Zealand population: A computed tomography study

Kirkpatrick

Bowie²,

Mirjalili

2018

J Paediatrics Child Health

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Aim Significant ethnic variation has been demonstrated in the closure of the anterior fontanelle (AF); however, to date, this has not been investigated in the Māori/Pasifika population. Methods The computed tomography scans of 163 individuals (116 Māori/Pasifika and 47 New Zealand (NZ) European) aged between birth and 4 years were retrospectively analysed to investigate the surface area (SA) and time of closure of the anterior and posterior fontanelles in New Zealand. Results The Māori/Pasifika group showed clinical AF closure (SA < 114 mm2) rates of 25% at 4–6 months, increasing to 47% at 10–12 months and 80% at 13–18 months. The posterior fontanelle was clinically unfused in 17% of the Māori/Pasifika group aged <1 month and in 7% of the 1–3‐month‐old group. No cases of posterior fontanelle non‐fusion were identified in the NZ European population. Conclusion This study establishes normal values for AF size and closure frequency for the first time in the paediatric Māori/Pasifika population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Closure Of the Afmentioning

confidence: 99%

Closure of the anterior and posterior fontanelle in the New Zealand population: A computed tomography study

Kirkpatrick

Bowie²,

Mirjalili

2018

J Paediatrics Child Health

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“…Assessment of the AF surface area (AFSA) is routine in infant (Duc and Largo, 1986) and fetal examination as three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound techniques have made in utero assessment of craniofacial morphology, including the AF, possible Faro et al, 2005Faro et al, , 2006. Such assessment is critical as irregular development in this structure may indicate abnormal craniofacial growth (Davies et al, 1975;Philip, 1978;Paladini et al, 2007Paladini et al, , 2008. For example, reduction of AFSA is common among premature infants with intrauterine growth retardation (Davies et al, 1975;Philip, 1978) and fetuses with craniosynostosis (Kreiborg et al, 1993;Cohen and MacLean, 2000), whereas large fontanelles (including the AF) are common among fetuses with Down syndrome (Paladini et al, 2007(Paladini et al, , 2008 and congenital hypothyroidism .…”

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confidence: 99%

Size of the Anterior Fontanelle: Three‐Dimensional Measurement of a Key Trait in Human Evolution

Moffett

Aldridge

2013

The Anatomical Record

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The anterior fontanelle (AF) is an integral element of the developing human infant craniofacial system. Consideration of the AF is crucial for assessing craniofacial growth, as altered development of this feature may indicate abnormal growth. Moreover, prolonged patency of the AF may represent a derived hominin feature. The AF is regarded as essential for fetal head molding during birth in humans, with deformation of the head during birth often necessary for successful delivery. However, the function of a patent AF among fossil hominins is unclear. Because the AF represents an important structure in both a clinical and evolutionary context, techniques for estimating the size of the AF must be accurate and reproducible. Therefore, we have developed a novel method for assessing surface area of the AF with the goal of creating a more accurate measure of this feature. In this study, we test the accuracy and repeatability of a novel three-dimensional (3D) method for assessing the size of the AF in human infants and compare the results obtained for surface area of the AF using the conventional and 3D methods. Anat Rec, 297:234-239, 2014. V C 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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“…M. May, P. A. Kyriacou, Senior Member, IEEE, A. J. Petros of the AF, observations about the general shape, as well as average sizes for different age ranges of neonates and infants found in the literature [7]. It was established that by taking four points from the corners of the AF yielded a tetrahedron.…”

Section: Development Of An Optoelectronic Sensor For the Investigatiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an optoelectronic sensor for the investigation of photoplethysmographic signals from the anterior fontanel of the newborn

May

Kyriacou

Petros

2011

2011 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society

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This is the accepted version of the paper.This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Abstract-There is a need for more reliable, non-invasive and alternative measurement sites for the monitoring of arterial blood oxygen saturation in critically ill newborns at times of peripheral compromise. The anterior fontanelle, a unique anatomical feature of the newborn, has been presented as an alternative site for the estimation of oxygen saturation. A multi-wavelength non-invasive optoelectronic sensor has been designed and developed for the investigation of photoplethysmographic (PPG) signals and blood oxygen saturation values from the fontanelle. In vivo thermal tests of the optical sensor show that under normal operating conditions the heating at the skin surface was negligible (<0.1°C). Good quality PPGs with large amplitudes and high signal to noise ratio were recorded at all three (red, infrared and green) wavelengths prior to clinical measurements. Permanent

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Anterior fontanelle size in the neonate.

Cited by 36 publications

References 6 publications

Closure of the anterior and posterior fontanelle in the New Zealand population: A computed tomography study

Closure of the anterior and posterior fontanelle in the New Zealand population: A computed tomography study

Size of the Anterior Fontanelle: Three‐Dimensional Measurement of a Key Trait in Human Evolution

Development of an optoelectronic sensor for the investigation of photoplethysmographic signals from the anterior fontanel of the newborn

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