Anterior eye segment damage in coronavirus infection (COVID-19)

Marchenko, N R; Kasparova, Evg A; Budnikova, E A; Makarova, M. A.

doi:10.17116/oftalma2021137061142

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Some APAC cases have been reported in COVID-19-positive patients or after vaccination against COVID-19 in Hong Kong, Korea, Italy, India, and Russia. 11,[13][14][15]17,[23][24][25] An Indian hospital reported a 62% increase in the proportion of visits that were true glaucoma emergencies during the COVID-19 lockdown period. However, secondary open-angle glaucoma and neovascular glaucoma were the main emergency diagnoses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Outbreak of Acute Primary Angle-Closure Cases During the COVID-19 Omicron Variant Pandemic at a Tertiary Eye Center in Shanghai

Huang,

Dai,

Sun

et al. 2023

OPTH

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Purpose This study aimed to investigate the outbreak of acute primary angle-closure (APAC) during the COVID-19 Omicron variant pandemic in Shanghai. Methods This single-center retrospective observational study included all newly diagnosed patients with APAC in Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University from December 15, 2022, to January 14, 2023 (pandemic group) during the COVID-19 pandemic of Omicron Variant, and from November 15, 2021, to February 14, 2022 (control group) when the infection rate of COVID-19 is very low in Shanghai. Demographic features, intraocular pressure, axial length, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness and pupil diameter were compared between the two groups. Results A total of 223 patients (261 eyes) were included in the pandemic group and 75 patients (82 eyes) in the control group. The number of APAC patients and eyes in the pandemic group is 8.92-fold and 9.55-fold of the monthly average number in the control group. The onset dates of acute angle-closure were mainly between December 17 and December 31, 2022. In the pandemic group, 72.65% of patients with APAC had a recent COVID-19 infection. Among the COVID-19-positive patients, 72% suffered APAC attacks within 24h of the occurrence of COVID-19 symptoms and 92% within 3 days. The pandemic group showed a longer time from symptoms to treatment and larger pupil diameter than the control group (7.92 ± 6.14 vs 3.63 ± 2.93 days, p = 0.006; 4.53 ± 1.17 vs 3.78 ± 1.24 mm, p = 0.003, respectively). Conclusion An outbreak of APAC attack was observed in our eye center during the COVID-19 Omicron variant pandemic in Shanghai. There may be a correlation between the onset of APAC and new COVID-19 Omicron variant infection, but the exact reason needs to be investigated further.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Outbreak of Acute Primary Angle-Closure Cases During the COVID-19 Omicron Variant Pandemic at a Tertiary Eye Center in Shanghai

Huang,

Dai,

Sun

et al. 2023

OPTH

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“…The SARS-CoV-2[ 412 ] has been implicated in HSV Keratitis[ 413 , 414 ]. HSK has been reported to relapse post mRNA coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination[ 415 ].…”

Section: Herpes Simplex Keratitis In Immunocompromised Patients: Chal...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Herpes simplex keratitis: A brief clinical overview

Musa,

Enaholo,

Aluyi-Osa

et al. 2024

World J Virol

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The aim of our minireview is to provide a brief overview of the diagnosis, clinical aspects, treatment options, management, and current literature available regarding herpes simplex keratitis (HSK). This type of corneal viral infection is caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV), which can affect several tissues, including the cornea. One significant aspect of HSK is its potential to cause recurrent episodes of inflammation and damage to the cornea. After the initial infection, the HSV can establish a latent infection in the trigeminal ganglion, a nerve cluster near the eye. The virus may remain dormant for extended periods. Periodic reactivation of the virus can occur, leading to recurrent episodes of HSK. Factors triggering reactivation include stress, illness, immunosuppression, or trauma. Recurrent episodes can manifest in different clinical patterns, ranging from mild epithelial involvement to more severe stromal or endothelial disease. The severity and frequency of recurrences vary among individuals. Severe cases of HSK, especially those involving the stroma and leading to scarring, can result in vision impairment or even blindness in extreme cases. The cornea's clarity is crucial for good vision, and scarring can compromise this, potentially leading to visual impairment. The management of HSK involves not only treating acute episodes but also implementing long-term strategies to prevent recurrences and attempt repairs of corneal nerve endings via neurotization. Antiviral medications, such as oral Acyclovir or topical Ganciclovir, may be prescribed for prophylaxis. The immune response to the virus can contribute to corneal damage. Inflammation, caused by the body's attempt to control the infection, may inadvertently harm the corneal tissues. Clinicians should be informed about triggers and advised on measures to minimize the risk of reactivation. In summary, the recurrent nature of HSK underscores the importance of both acute and long-term management strategies to preserve corneal health and maintain optimal visual function.

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“…First, direct tropism of the virus to the angiotensin-converting enzyme receptor 2 (ACE2) in the vascular tree of the anterior segment of the eye (hematogenous after viremia). [ 4 5 ] Second, direct viral penetration to the eye from the external fibrous layer. Third, it is due to eye damage, in particular, the iris and ciliary body, and autoimmune antibodies against melanocytes and other parts of the eyeball.…”

Section: Potential Mechanism Of Coronavirus Infection Disease-19 Ante...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Manifestations of coronavirus infection disease-19 in anterior eye segment: An up-to-date review

Marzoog

2024

Oman Journal of Ophthalmology

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Coronavirus infection disease-19 (COVID-19) is a worldwide catastrophic emergency that first appeared in late 2019, in Wuhan, China. COVID-19 is a multitropism disease that first affects lung tissue. However, extrapulmonary manifestations have been suspected from the first COVID-19 cases. The ocular signs and symptoms were from the early changes that occur during the course of the disease. Changes in the anterior eye segment have a relatively higher incidence than the posterior eye segment. Of which, conjunctivitis, COVID-19 pharyngioceratoconjuctivitis, iridocyclitis, corneal punctate epitheliopathy, and pathomorphological changes in the physio-anatomy of the anterior eye segment. The potential pathogenesis includes direct penetration of the virus into the eye (conjunctiva, lumbus, and cornea) or due to a systemic pathway through viremia, as well as due to autoimmune antibodies against the ocular structure (immune privilege). The presence of ocular manifestations of the external anterior fibrous layer suggests a mild course of the disease.

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Anterior eye segment damage in coronavirus infection (COVID-19)

Cited by 9 publications

References 57 publications

The Outbreak of Acute Primary Angle-Closure Cases During the COVID-19 Omicron Variant Pandemic at a Tertiary Eye Center in Shanghai

The Outbreak of Acute Primary Angle-Closure Cases During the COVID-19 Omicron Variant Pandemic at a Tertiary Eye Center in Shanghai

Herpes simplex keratitis: A brief clinical overview

Manifestations of coronavirus infection disease-19 in anterior eye segment: An up-to-date review

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