Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in Young Athletes

Abstract

The incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears is increasing in youth, with rates higher in female athletes. The injury is usually noncontact; rather, a quick change of direction induces a “popping” sensation. The injury will be swollen, bruised, and painful, and there will be a limited range of motion and an inability to bear weight. The Lachman test, pivot test (used when patients are anesthetized), and anterior drawer test help diagnose ACL injuries. ACL injuries are categorized by severity as Grade I, II, or III sprains. Prompt first aid care can help reduce pain and swelling using the RICE method, an acronym for rest, ice, compression, and elevation. Medical treatment with stabilization braces might be enough to promote a return-to-normal function, but surgical options are usually required for Grade II and III injuries. Reconstructive surgeries can use an autograft or allograft, but consideration of the growth plates in children might delay the surgery. Postoperative therapy helps reduce edema and immobility. It is essential that injury prevention programs are implemented. Prevention programs and increased awareness of parents and coaches are called for with the population of youth athletes.