Anterior cruciate ligament femoral footprint is oblong‐ovate, triangular, or two‐tears shaped in healthy young adults: three‐dimensional MRI analysis

Lin, Jinrong; Zhang, Shurong; Xin, Enhui; Liang, Meng; Yang, Liqin; Chen, Jiwu

doi:10.1007/s00167-023-07606-6

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…However, attachment sites on the bone surfaces are often studied exclusively two-dimensionally based on macroscopic images, plain radiographs or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [ 14 ]. Three-dimensional (3D) characterization of footprints allows for more thorough morphological analysis [ 15 , 16 ]. The study of bone curvature and shape derived from 3D image data allows for reliable estimations of some attachment surfaces on bones, but it lacks single muscle resolution on conjoined attachment sites [ 17 , 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of 3D Footprint Morphology of Knee-Related Muscle Attachments Based on CT Data Reconstruction: A Feasibility Study

Neumann,

Kebbach,

Bader

et al. 2024

Life

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A three-dimensional (3D) understanding of muscle attachment footprints became increasingly relevant for musculoskeletal modeling. The established method to project attachments as points ignores patient-specific individuality. Research focuses on investigating certain muscle groups rather than comprehensively studying all muscles spanning a joint. Therefore, we present a reliable method to study several muscle attachments in order to reconstruct the attachment sites in 3D based on CT imaging for future applications in musculoskeletal modeling. For the present feasibility study, 23 knee-related muscle attachments were CT-scanned postmortem from four nonadipose male specimens. For this, the specific muscle attachments were dissected and marked with a barium sulfate containing paint (60 g BaSO4 in 30 mL water and 10 mL acrylic paint). Subsequently, bone geometries and muscle attachments were reconstructed and evaluated from CT datasets. Bone morphology and footprint variations were studied. Exemplarily, variations were high for pes anserinus insertions (mean 56%) and the origins of M. biceps femoris (mean 54%). In contrast, the origins of the vastus muscles as well as the insertion of the Achilles tendon showed low variation (mean 9% and 13%, respectively). Most attachment sites showed variation exceeding the individuality of bone morphology. In summary, the present data were consistent with the few published studies of specific muscle footprints. Our data shed light on the high variability of muscle attachments, which need to be addressed when studying muscle forces and movements through musculoskeletal modeling. This is the first step to achieving a more profound understanding of muscle morphology to be utilized in numerical simulations.

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