Anterior and posterior compartment 3D endovaginal ultrasound anatomy based on direct histologic comparison

Abstract

Three-dimensional EVUS can be used to visualize structures of the anterior and posterior compartments in nullipara.

Is there a correlation between levator ani and urethral sphincter complex status on 3D ultrasonography?

“…The results showed that the rhabdomyosphincter contracted synergistically with the levator ani muscle during all maneuvers except abdominal contraction [25]. Several studies have established the reliability of ultrasonography in the evaluation of both the levator ani muscles [11,12] and urethral sphincter complex [16,15,29] as independent structures. However, the morphologic relationship between the two has not been investigated using ultrasonography.…”

“…Urethral sphincter measurements were based on prior studies that correlated histopathology with the sonographic view of the urethral sphincter complex [16]. Measurements were obtained on different planes as follows:…”

“…In the same way, the urethral sphincter musculature can also be easily visualized and readily measured using endovaginal ultrasonography (EVUS) [15,16], intraurethral ultrasonography [17,18] and MRI [19][20][21]. The levator ani muscle and the urethral rhabdomyosphincter are both skeletal muscles.…”

Peroxide-Enhanced 3-Dimensional Endovaginal Ultrasound Imaging for Diagnosis of Rectovaginal Fistula

“…The posterior compartment view positions the septum in the near field anterior to the rectal mucosa and allows for optimal resolution of this region. 4 Although with this imaging technique an area soft tissue abnormality was seen, no fistulous tract was visualized (Fig. 2).…”

Transvaginal Sling Release With Intraoperative Ultrasound Guidance

“…The technique for 3D endovaginal ultrasonography has been published previously. 4,5 In the operating room, a BK Ultraview machine (BK, Peabody, MA) with an 8848 transducer was used transvaginally to reveal the sling. This ultrasound technique is performed with an electronic biplane (linear and transverse perpendicular arrays) 5-to 12-MHz probe.…”