Antennal transcriptome analysis of the Asian longhorned beetle Anoplophora glabripennis

Abstract

Olfactory proteins form the basis of insect olfactory recognition, which is crucial for host identification, mating, and oviposition. Using transcriptome analysis of Anoplophora glabripennis antenna, we identified 42 odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), 12 chemosensory proteins (CSPs), 14 pheromone-degrading enzymes (PDEs), 1 odorant-degrading enzymes (ODE), 37 odorant receptors (ORs), 11 gustatory receptors (GRs), 2 sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs), and 4 ionotropic receptor (IR). All CSPs and PBPs were expressed in antennae, confirming the authenticity of the transcriptome data. CSP expression profiles showed that AglaCSP3, AglaCSP6, and AglaCSP12 were expressed preferentially in maxillary palps and AglaCSP7 and AglaCSP9 were strongly expressed in antennae. The vast majority of CSPs were highly expressed in multiple chemosensory tissues, suggesting their participation in olfactory recognition in almost all olfactory tissues. Intriguingly, the PBP AglaPBP2 was preferentially expressed in antenna, indicating that it is the main protein involved in efficient and sensitive pheromone recognition. Phylogenetic analysis of olfactory proteins indicated AglaGR1 may detect CO2. This study establishes a foundation for determining the chemoreception molecular mechanisms of A. glabripennis, which would provide a new perspective for controlling pest populations, especially those of borers.

Inter-Layer Coupling Induced Valence Band Edge Shift in Mono- to Few-Layer MoS2

“…Resulting second-derivative images containing spectral contributions from both the MoS 2 islands as well as the HOPG substrate are shown in Fig. 3(c) and agree well with prior studies3940. The hybridized Mo- d z 2 and S- p z states centered at the binding energy of approximately 2.3 eV straddle the Γ-point, and a clear shift of the VBM towards the E F is observed for the double-layer MoS 2 bands, in excellent agreement with our band-structure calculations described below.…”

“…The hybridized Mo- d z 2 and S- p z states centered at the binding energy of approximately 2.3 eV straddle the Γ-point, and a clear shift of the VBM towards the E F is observed for the double-layer MoS 2 bands, in excellent agreement with our band-structure calculations described below. Measurement at the K point of the Brillouin zone is obscured by the intense π bands of the surrounding HOPG substrate3940 and for this reason is not shown.…”

Sensory genes identification with head transcriptome of the migratory armyworm, Mythimna separata

“…The GO assignment results of classification of predicted functions in M. Separata were consistent with that of other invertebrates13141516171819. As regard to the number of the identified sensory genes, there was no statistical difference among M. Separata and other Lepidopteran, Dipteran, and Coleopteran species with identified transcriptome111718.…”

The draft genome of the specialist flea beetle Altica viridicyanea (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) provides insight into host plant specialization

“…The extremely low numbers of GRs in the latter four species is likely the result of differences in data collection-those species only had transcriptomic data available, and that approach generally does not describe the full complement of chemosensory genes. For example, a study in the longhorn beetle Anoplophora glabripennis found 11 GRs when using transcriptomic data, however, genomic data revealed 234 GRs [36,56].…”