Abstract:Two electrically small, reactive impedance surface (RIS) backed, antennas are presented that can be used by rescue workers to locate miners in emergency situations in underground mines. One antenna was designed for optimum impedance bandwidth and the other for compact size, with at least 5% impedance bandwidth. At 433 MHz both antennas have maximum gain values above 5 dBi, and both antennas radiate on average at least 10 dB more power in the front hemisphere than in the rear hemisphere, to reduce interaction w… Show more
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