“…As a result, phase ambiguities in the LOs prevent coherent beamforming. Calibrating the relative phases of the LOs and relative amplitudes of the SDRs can be done using a plane wave from an external transmitter as a reference signal inside an anechoic chamber [13]. However, this approach shows poor performance in realistic high-multipath environments [17].…”
Section: B Beamformer Calibrationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Some beamforming experiments using SDR arrays have recently been reported, including direction finding (DF) and localization. SDR arrays have been used for DF in anechoic chambers [11], [12], and transmitter beam scanning [12], as well as source localization and array shape estimation [13]. Initial work on interference cancellation and adaptive nulling with SDRs have been reported in [14]- [17].…”
Digital beamforming is the holy grail of antenna array technologies, however implementing digital beamforming into practical antenna arrays has been slow due to hardware complexity and cost. We propose a relatively inexpensive new approach to digital beamforming using software defined radios. Using this system, we carried out experiments on adaptive interference cancellation. We present detailed description of the beamformer system along with the developed control software and experimentally verify the beamformer performance. Our results show that in high-interference and high-multipath environments, where carrier frequency offsets cannot be measured, conventional interference cancellation algorithms fail. We propose two new robust solutions to this problem and compare the results with multiple techniques, including the minimum variance distortionless response beamformer, which outputs the highest possible signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio (SINR). We experimentally demonstrate that both our approaches work well in the face of these types of signal corruptions and are capable of interference cancellation without degrading SINR or other system performance factors, and without the need for transmitter and receiver synchronization.
“…As a result, phase ambiguities in the LOs prevent coherent beamforming. Calibrating the relative phases of the LOs and relative amplitudes of the SDRs can be done using a plane wave from an external transmitter as a reference signal inside an anechoic chamber [13]. However, this approach shows poor performance in realistic high-multipath environments [17].…”
Section: B Beamformer Calibrationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Some beamforming experiments using SDR arrays have recently been reported, including direction finding (DF) and localization. SDR arrays have been used for DF in anechoic chambers [11], [12], and transmitter beam scanning [12], as well as source localization and array shape estimation [13]. Initial work on interference cancellation and adaptive nulling with SDRs have been reported in [14]- [17].…”
Digital beamforming is the holy grail of antenna array technologies, however implementing digital beamforming into practical antenna arrays has been slow due to hardware complexity and cost. We propose a relatively inexpensive new approach to digital beamforming using software defined radios. Using this system, we carried out experiments on adaptive interference cancellation. We present detailed description of the beamformer system along with the developed control software and experimentally verify the beamformer performance. Our results show that in high-interference and high-multipath environments, where carrier frequency offsets cannot be measured, conventional interference cancellation algorithms fail. We propose two new robust solutions to this problem and compare the results with multiple techniques, including the minimum variance distortionless response beamformer, which outputs the highest possible signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio (SINR). We experimentally demonstrate that both our approaches work well in the face of these types of signal corruptions and are capable of interference cancellation without degrading SINR or other system performance factors, and without the need for transmitter and receiver synchronization.
“…1,3 In fact, to hold up new technologies and protocols, SDR provides rapid prototyping and scalability. [8][9][10] Articles [11][12][13] combine the study of SDRs and beamforming to cover the design of SDRbased wireless communication systems with beamforming, but with the disadvantage of high cost and highpower consumption. While in Marinho et al, 13 Zhang et al, 14 and Gaydos et al, 15 the block detection of arrival (DOA) angle is neglected.…”
Since the software‐defined radio digital beamforming (DBF) system is the newest tendency in fifth‐generation (5G) development and based on its flexibility applied to antenna arrays, this research paper presents a smart antenna array architecture operating in C‐band (3.48 GHz). In developing DBF for 5G access points with beamforming capacities, it is first necessary to perform an accurate approach that identifies the position of the desired user and affects the beamforming processing. In this article, a feasible approach is represented to evaluate and test three angle‐of‐arrival algorithms. To ensure the robustness of the system, the system structure with its four main components, the transmit subsystem, the synchronization subsystem, the receive subsystem, and data processing are described in detail. This article presents a reasonably inexpensive prototype DBF in conjunction with a Universal Software Radio Peripheral B210 board. Experimental measurements and results confirm the suggested methodology.
“…Also, pharmacological activities of ajonlojí ( Sesamum indicum ) have been reported as anticancer, antipyretic, antihypertensive, hepatoprotective and antirheumatoid ( 31 , 32 ). On the other hand, several researches have focused on studying the properties and applications of chia mucilage ( Salvia hispanica ) for its high capacity to retain water and modify the texture of foods ( 33 , 34 ), in addition, due to its high dietary fiber content, it could act as a supplement for the treatment of obesity ( 35 ). These foods whose flours are characterized by their high nutritional value ( 25 , 36 ) could be incorporated into chocolate formulations.…”
Due to the growing demand for healthy food products, the industry is seeking to incorporate inputs with high nutritional potential to traditional products. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of incorporating Lepidium meyenii, Chenopodium pallidicaule, Amaranthus caudatus, Sesamum indicum and Salvia hispanica flours on the physical, chemical, rheological, textural and thermal characteristics, and the degree of sensory acceptance of dark chocolate bars (65% cocoa). To this end, chocolate bars were made with the incorporation of five flours in four doses (1, 2, 3 and 4%), obtaining 20 different formulations compared with a control treatment (without flour addition). It was found that as flour incorporation levels increased, viscosity, antioxidants and particle size of the chocolates increased, but hardness and pH decreased. The addition of the flours also affected the acceptability and microstructure of the chocolate bars. The incorporation of up to 4% of the flours studied improved the degree of acceptance of the chocolates. Consequently, the incorporation of grain flours with high nutritional value can enhance the characteristics of dark chocolates, becoming a technological alternative for the chocolate industry.
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