Antenna-on-Chip for Millimeter Wave Applications Using CMOS Process Technology

Abstract

In this paper, a monopole patch antenna is designed, and the structure of the antenna is analyzed. The manufacturing process adopts TSMC 0.18 μm CMOS process technology. An artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) on the M1 layer is proposed in this paper to increase the radiation gain and reduce the reflection coefficient (S11) magnitude for impedance matching and antenna performance. This method can make up for the radiation efficiency and benefits of the antenna-on-chip that are affected by the high dielectric constant and low resistivity of the silicon substrate of the CMOS process. The antenna designed in this paper obtains a simulated bandwidth of 37.5 GHz to 69.5 GHz using the Electromagnetic Simulation Software, and the fractional bandwidth of the design is 60%. Among them, 62 GHz shows a maximum gain value of −2.64 dBi. Actual measurements have confirmed that the reflection coefficient of the antenna on the chip proposed in this paper is the same as the simulation trend, and a wider bandwidth is obtained from 20.9 GHz to 67 GHz, with a fractional bandwidth of 104.89%. This bandwidth covers millimeter wave 28 GHz, 38 GHz, and 60 GHz application frequencies.

Designed on 0.18 μm CMOS Process Small Size Broadband Millimeter Wave Chip Antenna

“…However, the radiation efficiency and performance of chip antennas are still their disadvantages. In typical process of CMOS, the low resistivity and high dielectric coefficient of the silicon substrate will seriously cause the loss of the antenna and the silicon substrate will absorb most of electromagnetic waves, greatly reducing the radiation efficiency of the antenna [13]. However, compared to traditional antenna systems, chip antenna systems still have higher bandwidth, better integration advantages, and lower power consumption performance.…”

Features of digitalization of Russian regions

“…A number of studies in the 1990s and early 2000s fixed the disappearance of the previously noted performance paradox [5,6]. However, studies in recent years have raised one more time the problem of the existence of the "performance paradox 2.0" [7,8]. An explanation for the contradiction between the growing pace of digitalization and a decrease in the growth rate of labor productivity can be both overestimated expectations from digitalization, as well as errors in measuring the effects of digitalization, the presence of time lags between the introduction of technology and the effect, as well as the pace of digitalization of individual sectors of the economy.…”