Antenna-Coupled Titanium Microbolometers: Application for Precise Control of Radiation Patterns in Terahertz Time-Domain Systems

Qi, Liang; Minkevičius, Linas; Urbanowicz, Andrzej; Švigelj, Andrej; Grigelionis, I.; Kašalynas, Irmantas; Trontelj, Janez; Valušis, Gintaras

doi:10.3390/s21103510

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…High sensitivity values have reached MV/W; therefore, these devices can be found well-suited for detection of very low emission sources, like femtosecond laser-based THz emitters. Ti-microbolometers (Figure 3) exhibiting room temperature sensitivity values of 200 kV/W, NEP less than 20 pW/ √ Hz, and the response time in the 5 µs range are also sensitive and fast enough to precisely monitor both coherent THz emitters or spatial profiles of frequency-domain spectrometers [188,189]. Because of their high sensitivity, these devices can successfully be applied for medical aims, for instance, to identify carcinoma tissues [190].…”

Section: Thz Diodes-based Sensing and Microbolometers In Thz Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roadmap of Terahertz Imaging 2021

Valušis

Lisauskas

Yuan

et al. 2021

Sensors

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175

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In this roadmap article, we have focused on the most recent advances in terahertz (THz) imaging with particular attention paid to the optimization and miniaturization of the THz imaging systems. Such systems entail enhanced functionality, reduced power consumption, and increased convenience, thus being geared toward the implementation of THz imaging systems in real operational conditions. The article will touch upon the advanced solid-state-based THz imaging systems, including room temperature THz sensors and arrays, as well as their on-chip integration with diffractive THz optical components. We will cover the current-state of compact room temperature THz emission sources, both optolectronic and electrically driven; particular emphasis is attributed to the beam-forming role in THz imaging, THz holography and spatial filtering, THz nano-imaging, and computational imaging. A number of advanced THz techniques, such as light-field THz imaging, homodyne spectroscopy, and phase sensitive spectrometry, THz modulated continuous wave imaging, room temperature THz frequency combs, and passive THz imaging, as well as the use of artificial intelligence in THz data processing and optics development, will be reviewed. This roadmap presents a structured snapshot of current advances in THz imaging as of 2021 and provides an opinion on contemporary scientific and technological challenges in this field, as well as extrapolations of possible further evolution in THz imaging.

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Section: Thz Diodes-based Sensing and Microbolometers In Thz Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roadmap of Terahertz Imaging 2021

Valušis

Lisauskas

Yuan

et al. 2021

Sensors

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175

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“…Despite the fact that the aforesaid values were not high, it is worth noting that the market price of the used transistor is below EUR 2 for a single unit and even below EUR 1 for larger batches at the time of the manuscript writing. At the same time, specialized commercially available microbolometric THz detectors similar to the ones presented in [ 13 , 35 ] are usually offered at prices of the order of thousands of EUR. Multiple highly sensitive TeraFET detectors can be obtained in a single foundry run [ 23 ], but typical costs for such a production batch, as a rule, are much higher than the off-the-shelf devices considered here.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are several compact sensing approaches widely used for room temperature imaging. We emphasize bolometric sensing devices [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]; Schottky diodes [ 17 , 18 ] and bow-tie sensors [ 19 , 20 ], enabling direct, spectroscopic, and real-time THz imaging applications. However, in the recent decade, high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) have received much attention due to their high sensitivity, frequency tunability, flexibility in design, and wide integration ability [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Performance of Extraordinary Low-Cost Compact Terahertz Imaging System Based on Electronic Components and Paraffin Wax Optics

Tamošiūnas

Minkevičius

Bučius

et al. 2022

Sensors

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Terahertz (THz) imaging is a powerful technique allowing us to explore non-conducting materials or their arrangements such as envelopes, packaging substances, and clothing materials in a nondestructive way. The direct implementation of THz imaging systems relies, on the one hand, on their convenience of use and compactness, minimized optical alignment, and low power consumption; on the other hand, an important issue remains the system cost and its figure of merit with respect to the image quality and recording parameters. In this paper, we report on the design and performance of an extraordinary low-cost THz imaging system relying on a InP Gunn diode emitter, paraffin wax optics, and commercially available GaAs high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) with a gate length of 200 nm as the sensing elements in a room temperature environment. The design and imaging performance of the system at 94 GHz is presented, and the spatial resolution in the range of the illumination wavelength (∼3 mm) and contrast of nearly two orders of magnitude is determined. The operation of two models of the HEMTs of the same nominal 20 GHz cut-off frequency, but placed in different packages and printed circuit board layouts was evaluated at 94 GHz and 0.307 THz. The presence of two competing contributions—self-resistive mixing and radiation coupling through the antenna effects of the printed circuit boards—to the detected signal is revealed by the signal dependence on the gate-to-source voltage, resulting in a cross-sectional responsivity of 27 V/W and noise-equivalent power of 510 pW/Hz at 94 GHz. Further routes in the development of low-cost THz imaging systems in the range of EUR 100 are considered.

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“…Terahertz (THz) waves have promise potentials in high-speed wireless communication, [1,2] medical and biological diagnostics, [3,4] public and food security, [5,6] and fundamental research [7,8,9] owing to their adequate penetration, high resolution, low energy, and transient performance. [10] Due to these unique and noteworthy advantages, THz field is in a state of flourishing development, thus leading to strong demands for the ideal THz sources, [11,12] detectors, [13] and modulators.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifield Controlled Terahertz Modulator Based on Silicon‐Vanadium Dioxide Hybrid Metasurface

Zhao

Lou

et al. 2022

Advanced Optical Materials

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Despite flourishing and deepening trend in the terahertz (THz) field, there are still challenges in high‐performance active system components, such as THz modulators. Present THz modulators are typically limited to a single external driving field and the fixed switching speed, hindering the ability to flexibly manipulate THz waves. Here, an optically and thermally controlled THz modulator based on silicon (Si) and vanadium dioxide (VO2) hybrid metasurface is proposed to overcome these limitations. The modulator enables the dynamical control of the transmitted amplitude in the range of 0.4–1.8 THz. Under thermal management, a maximum modulation depth (MD) of 97.2% at 0.9 THz can be acquired, thanks to the phase transition of VO2. Once excited with an 800 nm pump light at 1600 µJ cm−2, the device achieves a maximum MD of 91.5% at 0.87 THz accomplished with an ultrafast speed of 2 ps, resulting from photogenerated carriers in the Si substrate. Furthermore, the findings of this study propose a promising strategy for developing multifield controlled active THz components, which would be a new paradigm to design switchable metasurface devices.

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Antenna-Coupled Titanium Microbolometers: Application for Precise Control of Radiation Patterns in Terahertz Time-Domain Systems

Cited by 5 publications

References 35 publications

Roadmap of Terahertz Imaging 2021

Roadmap of Terahertz Imaging 2021

Design and Performance of Extraordinary Low-Cost Compact Terahertz Imaging System Based on Electronic Components and Paraffin Wax Optics

Multifield Controlled Terahertz Modulator Based on Silicon‐Vanadium Dioxide Hybrid Metasurface

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