Antenatal microbiologic and maternal risk factors associated with prematurity

McGregor, James A.; French, Janice I.; Richter, R; Franco-Buff, Amalia; Johnson, Alberta; Sl, Hillier; Judson, Franklyn N.; Todd, Jeannie

doi:10.1016/0020-7292(91)90806-g

Cited by 101 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Once infected amniotic fluid is aspirated or swallowed by the fetus, pathogens may penetrate through immature mucosal barriers, resulting in pneumonia or bacteremia, and may penetrate the blood-brain barrier, leading to meningitis. Bacteria have been implicated as a major cause of premature rupture of membranes and, consequently, of premature labor and delivery (315). Thus, prevention and timely treatment of intra-amniotic infection are important steps in preventing preterm delivery and improving neonatal outcome.…”

Section: Routes Of Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Microbiology of Bacterial and Fungal Sepsis in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants

2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Twenty percent of very-low-birth-weight (<1500 g) preterm infants experience a serious systemic infection, and despite advances in neonatal intensive care and antimicrobials, mortality is as much as threefold higher for these infants who develop sepsis than their counterparts without sepsis during their hospitalization. Outcomes may be improved by preventative strategies, earlier and accurate diagnosis, and adjunct therapies to combat infection and protect the vulnerable preterm infant during an infection. Earlier diagnosis on the basis of factors such as abnormal heart rate characteristics may offer the ability to initiate treatment prior to the onset of clinical symptoms. Molecular and adjunctive diagnostics may also aid in diagnosing invasive infection when clinical symptoms indicate infection but no organisms are isolated in culture. Due to the high morbidity and mortality, preventative and adjunctive therapies are needed. Prophylaxis has been effective in preventing early-onset group B streptococcal sepsis and late-onset Candida sepsis. Future research in prophylaxis using active and passive immunization strategies offers prevention without the risk of resistance to antimicrobials. Identification of the differences in neonatal intensive care units with low and high infection rates and implementation of infection control measures remain paramount in each neonatal intensive care unit caring for preterm infants

show abstract

Section: Routes Of Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Microbiology of Bacterial and Fungal Sepsis in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants

2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Several bacterial enzymes, including phospholipases and proteases, have been suggested as potential virulence determinants in prematurity (McGregor et al, 1990). Among these, there has recently been interest in the sialidases of pathogenic bacteria and their potential role in pathogenesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloning of the Tannerella forsythensis (Bacteroides forsythus) siaHI gene and purification of the sialidase enzyme

Ishikura

Arakawa

Nakajima

et al. 2003

Journal of Medical Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Tannerella forsythensis (previously named Bacteroides forsythus) is a Gram-negative, anaerobic, fusiform bacterium that is a primary or secondary aetiological agent in periodontal disease in humans. T. forsythensis expresses several putative virulence factors, including a sialidase; however, there has been no molecular genetic characterization of this enzyme. A sialidase clone (pHI-1) was screened from a total of 455 recombinant clones of a genomic DNA library using the 29-(4-methylumbelliferyl)-AE-D-N-acetylneuraminic acid (MUNeuAc) filter-paper spot assay. The sialidase gene ORF (siaHI) consists of a 1395 bp coding sequence and encodes a protein with 465 amino acids with an overall molecular mass of 52 kDa. The sialidase does not have sequence similarity to any other bacterial sialidase. The entire sialidase ORF was expressed in Escherichia coli. Furthermore, the sialidase was purified from the type strain of T. forsythensis and from a recombinant clone, pHI-1 : 1, and was analysed using a non-denaturing gel, revealing that the enzyme preparations were respectively separated as two major bands and as a single band. Southern blot hybridization analysis revealed similar patterns of siaHI-hybridizing bands among clinical isolates of T. forsythensis from periodontitis patients. This is the first study on the cloning and expression of a T. forsythensis sialidase gene and the purification of the SiaHI enzyme from T. forsythensis ATCC 43037 T and recombinant E. coli.

show abstract

“…Even though the causative microorganisms are manifold, the three diseases most frequently associated with vaginitis are bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, and trichomoniasis (3). The complications of bacterial vaginosis can be especially substantial in pregnant women, increasing the risk of an adverse pregnancy outcome, including histological chorioamnionitis (5), amniotic fluid infection (12), preterm labor, and preterm delivery (8,9). Laboratory methods for the identification of bacterial vaginosis include wet mount, Gram stain, the "gold standard" of diagnosis, and microbiological culture.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our results show that the test compares well with Gram stain and can be used as a rapid diagnostic tool to exclude bacterial vaginosis in pregnant women. An extensive body of evidence indicates that there is an increased risk of preterm birth in women with bacterial vaginosis (7,8,11). Even though recommendations for routine screening and treatment still await the results of further interventional studies, routine screening may become the standard of care.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA Hybridization Test: Rapid Diagnostic Tool for Excluding Bacterial Vaginosis in Pregnant Women with Symptoms Suggestive of Infection

et al. 2002

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This prospective comparative study evaluated a DNA hybridization test (Affirm VPIII) as an alternative to Gram stain for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis. We examined vaginal smears from 1,725 pregnant women between the 12th and 36th weeks of gestation with clinical signs of vaginal infection. The DNA hybridization test compared well with Gram stain and can be used as a rapid diagnostic tool to exclude bacterial vaginosis.Common reproductive tract infections and associated inflammatory responses are the most frequent gynecological complaints, representing a central problem in modern clinical care. Vaginitis is usually characterized by vaginal discharge, vulvar itching and irritation, or odor. Even though the causative microorganisms are manifold, the three diseases most frequently associated with vaginitis are bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, and trichomoniasis (3). The complications of bacterial vaginosis can be especially substantial in pregnant women, increasing the risk of an adverse pregnancy outcome, including histological chorioamnionitis (5), amniotic fluid infection (12), preterm labor, and preterm delivery (8, 9). Laboratory methods for the identification of bacterial vaginosis include wet mount, Gram stain, the "gold standard" of diagnosis, and microbiological culture. Because microscopic evaluation by wet mount or Gram stain requires special diagnostic skills not available to all practitioners, overdiagnosis is common and therapy is frequently empirical. Although cultures for Gardnerella vaginalis constitute a highly sensitive method, they are not recommended for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis due to the high number of women positive for G. vaginalis who do not have clinical symptoms of bacterial vaginosis (2, 6). Furthermore, determination of G. vaginalis by culture is rarely useful because of the relatively long period between the examination and the time the results are finally available. Because the different forms of vaginitis call for different treatment regimens, there is a need for a rapid and highly selective tool to help the care provider diagnose bacterial vaginosis and distinguish it from other types of infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate a DNA hybridization test (Affirm VPIII) as an alternative to Gram-stained microscopic slides, currently considered the most reliable diagnostic tool.This study on the prospective comparison of two diagnostic tools included 1,725 pregnant women between the 12th and 36th weeks of gestation attending the outpatient clinic of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. If clinical symptoms such as increased vaginal discharge combined with pruritus and/or burning, cervical incompetence, lower abdominal pain, preterm labor, or preterm rupture of the membranes were present, two vaginal specimens were obtained with the Affirm VPIII sample collection set on Dacron tipped swabs for both Gram stain and nucleic acid hybridization. The samples were immediately transported to the labora...

show abstract

Antenatal microbiologic and maternal risk factors associated with prematurity

Cited by 101 publications

References 0 publications

Clinical Microbiology of Bacterial and Fungal Sepsis in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants

Clinical Microbiology of Bacterial and Fungal Sepsis in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants

Cloning of the Tannerella forsythensis (Bacteroides forsythus) siaHI gene and purification of the sialidase enzyme

DNA Hybridization Test: Rapid Diagnostic Tool for Excluding Bacterial Vaginosis in Pregnant Women with Symptoms Suggestive of Infection

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About