Antenatal fetal neurodevelopment test

Hata, Toshiyuki; AboEllail, Mohamed Ahmed Mostafa

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-817988-8.00032-4

Cited by 1 publication

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References 43 publications

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“…Fetal neurobehavioral studies analyze observable fetal movements via four-dimensional ultrasound or other diagnostic modalities to assess fetal neurologic development ( 102 , 103 ). Such studies indicate directed actions, motor planning, and learning prior to cortical development.…”

Section: The Emergence Of Consciousnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

The fetal pain paradox

Thill

2023

Front. Pain Res.

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Controversy exists as to when conscious pain perception in the fetus may begin. According to the hypothesis of cortical necessity, thalamocortical connections, which do not form until after 24–28 weeks gestation, are necessary for conscious pain perception. However, anesthesiologists and neonatologists treat age-matched neonates as both conscious and pain-capable due to observable and measurable behavioral, hormonal, and physiologic indicators of pain. In preterm infants, these multimodal indicators of pain are uncontroversial, and their presence, despite occurring prior to functional thalamocortical connections, has guided the use of analgesics in neonatology and fetal surgery for decades. However, some medical groups state that below 24 weeks gestation, there is no pain capacity. Thus, a paradox exists in the disparate acknowledgment of pain capability in overlapping patient populations. Brain networks vary by age. During the first and second trimesters, the cortical subplate, a unique structure that is present only during fetal and early neonatal development, forms the first cortical network. In the third trimester, the cortical plate assumes this function. According to the subplate modulation hypothesis, a network of connections to the subplate and subcortical structures is sufficient to facilitate conscious pain perception in the fetus and the preterm neonate prior to 24 weeks gestation. Therefore, similar to other fetal and neonatal systems that have a transitional phase (i.e., circulatory system), there is now strong evidence for transitional developmental phases of fetal and neonatal pain circuitry.

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Section: The Emergence Of Consciousnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

The fetal pain paradox

Thill

2023

Front. Pain Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Antenatal fetal neurodevelopment test

Cited by 1 publication

References 43 publications

The fetal pain paradox

The fetal pain paradox

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