Antenatal depression in coastal South India: Prevalence and risk factors in the community

George, Christina; Lalitha, Anoop R N; Antony, Abish; Kumar, Ajay; Jacob, K. S.

doi:10.1177/0020764015607919

Cited by 46 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The prevalence of antenatal depression in China (participants aged 20 to 35 years) and coastal South India (participants aged 19 to 44 years) was very similar at 13.7% and 16.3%, respectively [40,41]. However, the prevalence of 15.9% for antenatal (during pregnancy) depression that was observed for our sample of participants was lower than the prevalence of 38.5% reported in a study in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal [34].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

Antenatal and Postpartum Depression: Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors among Adolescents’ in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Govender

Naidoo

Taylor

2020

Depression Research and Treatment

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Background. Maternal depression is a major public health concern as it affects both mothers and their children. Antenatal depression, which is often underdiagnosed, has been associated with preterm labour, low birth weight, and intrauterine growth restriction. Research has demonstrated that postpartum depression is associated with mother-infant bonding impairment, child abuse, child neglect, maternal substance abuse, and self-harm. Globally, the prevalence of depression in pregnant and postpartum adolescents varies. This paper reports on the findings of the prevalence of depression and its associated risk factors among pregnant and postpartum adolescents in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Methods. Data were generated by means of a descriptive cross-sectional study that was conducted between June and November 2017 utilizing a sample of 326 adolescent females accessing maternal health services in a medium-sized rural peripheral district hospital in Ugu, Southern KwaZulu-Natal. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale questionnaire was used to screen participating pregnant and postnatal adolescents for depression. A cut-off score of ≥13 was used to identify pregnant and postnatal adolescents with symptoms of depression. The data were analysed using R software. Results. The prevalence of depression among the pregnant participants was 15.9% (21/132), whereas it was 8.8% (17/194) among the postpartum participants. Antenatal depression was associated with physical violence (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 6.47, 95% CI 1.36-30.53, p=0.01) and verbal abuse (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 4.8, 95% CI 1.5-15.16, p=0.006). The pregnant participants who indicated they received a lot of support from their partners were 0.93% less likely to have depression. Postnatal depression was associated with physical violence (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 7.32, 95% CI 1.66-29.44, p=0.005), verbal abuse (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 4.3, 95% CI 1.03-15.79, p=0.03), and intimate partner violence (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 9.58, 95% CI 1.58-48.82, p=0.008). Conclusion. The prevalence of antenatal depression was higher than postpartum depression in the study sample. In light of the findings, maternal healthcare professionals are cautioned to consider the mental health of pregnant and postpartum adolescents who seek their services at health facilities.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

Antenatal and Postpartum Depression: Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors among Adolescents’ in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Govender

Naidoo

Taylor

2020

Depression Research and Treatment

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“…The reported prevalence of antenatal depression is around 20% in Asian countries and 15.6% in LMICs 50,51 . Our results concur with evidence from other parts of India 52 . Given that we have shown the probable association with SGA, as do earlier studies in India and elsewhere, there is a need for policymakers to prioritize screening pregnant women for mental health problems.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Small for gestational age babies and depressive symptoms of mothers during pregnancy: Results from a birth cohort in India

Babu¹,

Murthy²,

Reddy³

et al. 2018

Wellcome Open Res

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Background: More than one million babies are born with Low birthweight (LBW) in India every year, often afflicting disadvantaged families. Earlier studies on LBW in India have mostly focused on addressing poverty, nutritional status, and obstetric factors for LBW babies, comprising of preterm babies (<37 weeks) or small for gestational age (SGA) or both. We aim to find the association between antepartum depression and SGA in a public hospital. Methods: Pregnant women with gestational age between 14 to 32 weeks were recruited. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was administered to assess depression. Newborn anthropometry was performed soon after delivery. Birth weight less than 10 percentile were classified as SGA, between 10 to 90th percentile was appropriate for gestational age (AGA), and greater than 90th percentile was large for gestational age (LGA). Results: We found that 16.51% (108) of the antenatal mothers had depressive symptoms (EPDS score >11). The women with depressive symptoms delivered a greater proportion of SGA babies (21.3 v/s 15.8) and LGA (9.3 v/s 3.3) compared to women with no symptoms. The odds of women giving birth to a child with SGA were twice as high for women with EPDS scores >11 (adjusted OR = 2.18; 95% CI = 1.23 – 3.87) compared to the women with EPDS scores of ≤11. In terms of Area under curve (AUC), EPDS 11 cut off (AUC: 0.533) narrowly outperformed EPDS 12 cut-off (AUC: 0.4738), which in turn was better than EPDS 13 cut off (AUC: 0.4687) for screening depression in mothers. Conclusions: We have demonstrated the usefulness of the 10-item EPDS screening tool in screening for symptoms of antenatal depression. There is a need to explore implementation of screening, diagnostic services and evidence-based antenatal mental health services by modifying the provisions of ongoing national programs.

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“…Several studies had reported that antenatal depression was significantly associated with age [20], unplanned pregnancy [21], smoking during pregnancy, history of abortion and stillbirth, presence of a complication in the current pregnancy, previous history of depression, low educational attainment, and irregular menstrual history [17,[22][23][24]. Besides, domestic violence, financial stress, history of miscarriage, marital conflict, and drinking alcohol during pregnancy were significant predictors of antenatal depression [4,25,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnitude and Predictors of Antenatal Depression among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Sodo Town, Southern Ethiopia: Facility-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Chuma

Sagaro

Astawesegn

2020

Depression Research and Treatment

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Background. Depression affects approximately 10 to 20% of pregnant women globally, and one in ten and two in five women in developed and developing countries develop depression during pregnancy, respectively. However, evidence regarding its magnitude and predictors in Southern Ethiopia is limited. The present study is aimed at assessing the magnitude and predictors of antenatal depression among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Sodo town. Methods. A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 403 antenatal care attendants in Sodo town from November 2 to January 30, 2017. Systematic random sampling was used to select the study population, and data were collected by using a pretested and structured questionnaire. Data were entered using Epi-data 4.2 and then exported and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association between the dependent variable and independent variables. Variables with P value less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Results. A total of 400 pregnant women were interviewed. The magnitude of antenatal depression was 16.3% (95% CI (12.8%, 19.9%)). Husband’s educational status, at the college and above (AOR: 0.09; 95% CI (0.03, 0.34), regular exercise (AOR: 0.16; 95% CI (0.07, 0.36)), planned pregnancy (AOR: 0.16; 95% CI (0.06, 0.44)), use of family planning (AOR: 0.31; 95% CI (0.14, 0.66)), previous history of anxiety (AOR: 2.96; 95% CI (1.30, 6.74)), previous history of obstetric complications (AOR: 19.03; 95% CI (5.89, 61.47)), and current obstetric complications (AOR: 30.38; 95% CI (3.14, 294.19)) were significant predictors of antenatal depression. Conclusion. Nearly one in six pregnant women had antenatal depression. The husband’s educational status, regular exercise, planned pregnancy, use of family planning, previous history of anxiety, previous history of obstetric complications, and current history of obstetric complications were significant predictors of antenatal depression. Screening for depression during routine antenatal care could be essential and recommended to identify early and prevent further morbidities and mortalities due to antenatal depression.

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Antenatal depression in coastal South India: Prevalence and risk factors in the community

Abstract: There is a need to develop strategies for recognition and appropriate intervention for antenatal depression, in the context of locally relevant risk factors, so as to improve both maternal and child outcomes.

Cited by 46 publications

References 35 publications

Antenatal and Postpartum Depression: Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors among Adolescents’ in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Antenatal and Postpartum Depression: Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors among Adolescents’ in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Small for gestational age babies and depressive symptoms of mothers during pregnancy: Results from a birth cohort in India

Magnitude and Predictors of Antenatal Depression among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Sodo Town, Southern Ethiopia: Facility-Based Cross-Sectional Study

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