Antecedents of immigrants’ entrepreneurial intention formation process: an empirical study of immigrant entrepreneurs in Canada

Abstract

Economic integration of ever-increasing number of immigrants in the host country is a challenge both for the immigrant and their host government. Immigrant entrepreneurship can be one of the solutions to this challenge. However, little is known about how immigrant entrepreneurship intention formation process takes place. Immigrants face various challenging situations that make them psychologically and cognitively distinct. This study models from a holistic perspective, the dimensions of individual and contextual variables as antecedents of Immigrants’ entrepreneurial intention (IEI). The study aims to identify the key factors responsible for developing EI of immigrants with an implementation intent. Cross-sectional data from Canada is examined using a sample of 250 immigrants. The analysis adopts a structural equation modelling approach. In addition to risk perception, bridging social network, and experience, we postulate that the perceived distance of entrepreneurial culture (country of origin versus host country) and entrepreneurial support are crucial factors that influence IEI. Empirical analyses based on survey data partially confirmed our hypotheses. The results show the role of psychological and cognitive factors in determining immigrants’ intention to start a new business. We extend the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) by identifying certain understudied determinants in the literature and presenting a holistic decision-making process in the context of immigration-entrepreneurship nexus. Examining specific factors that appropriately contextualize immigrant entrepreneurship research and relativize the EI through a learning-based approach advances current literature. It offers insights to policymakers and practitioners to contemplate entrepreneurial culture as a shared liability issue (foreignness, host country), and adapt their entrepreneurship guidance accordingly. Thus, this study opens the way to a better understanding of the business behaviour of immigrants. Their impact matters for the entrepreneurial diversity that resilient ecosystems need.

The Innovative Entrepreneurial Marketing Journey and Sustainable Development of Southeast Asian Immigrants

“…These individuals employ a multifaceted strategy toward opportunity identification, driven by a blend of passion and enthusiasm, rather than sheer necessity. Furthermore, immigrant entrepreneurs derive advantages from the entrepreneurial ecosystems of both their host and origin countries, leveraging resources and opportunities inherent to their native environments [28]. The influence of the country of origin on immigrant entrepreneurial activity necessitates a comprehensive analysis, taking into account the synergies between the entrepreneurial ecosystems of both the host and home countries.…”

“…The second relationship management mechanism is "establishing brand value", assisting immigrants in transitioning from the phase focused on establishing and expanding interpersonal relationships to the sustainable mutual benefit phase. Once immigrants have successfully made a name in the mainstream market, the focus of relationship management shifts from customer management to brand management [28]. By market positioning and identifying the core values of the brand, the brand's value propositions are concretely displayed [30].…”