Antarctic Tourism: The Responsibilities and Liabilities of Tour Operators and State Parties

Abdullah, Nuraisyah Chua; Shah, Rohani Mohd; Husin, Zaliha Hj; Rahman, Hamisah Abd.

doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.08.226

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The legal regulation of tourism in Antarctica is actively developing. Legal restrictions are being set in order to resolve environmental problems in the interests of the development of Antarctic tourism [24].…”

Section: Advances In Engineering Research Volume 191mentioning

confidence: 99%

Legal Restrictions in Ecotourism

Bokov¹,

Давыдова²,

Abezin³

et al. 2020

Proceedings of the IV International Scientific and Practical Conference 'Anthropogenic Transformation of Geospace: Nature, Econ

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The paper notes that ecotourism as "good" tourism can take place only in the presence of legal restrictions based on proper monitoring and assessment of the impact on the environment. The purpose of restrictions in ecological tourism is: to ensure the harmony of the relationship between man and nature; to establish human responsibility for the preservation of nature; to create conditions for recreation tourists in the natural environment; etc. The state, of course, should contribute to the development of "good" tourism, including through the legal regulation of tourism activities. It is proposed to classify tourism into types on the basis of the scope of legal restrictions. Gradation of tourism from tourism with minimum legal restrictions to tourism with maximum legal restrictions is carried out. It is important that the legal restrictions set in the state would be fair and not excessive. The paper analyzes the existing legal restrictions in the field of ecotourism. It is noted that an important regulator of tourism activity is self-regulation of tourism. According to the authors, the effective restriction of tourism, including environmental one, is the human internal civic duty. It is emphasized that with a rational approach to the organization of tourist routes, it is possible not only to preserve nature in a pristine, but also to provide significant support for its protection.

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Section: Advances In Engineering Research Volume 191mentioning

confidence: 99%

Legal Restrictions in Ecotourism

Bokov¹,

Давыдова²,

Abezin³

et al. 2020

Proceedings of the IV International Scientific and Practical Conference 'Anthropogenic Transformation of Geospace: Nature, Econ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In contrast, Antarctica, a singular land without a resident population or a sovereign body, relegates governance decisions to the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Parties (ATCPs) and their instruments, especially the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty, or the Madrid Protocol (Cajiao et al, 2021). Though directives for tourism regulation are not directly laid out in the Treaty itself, the ATCPs can choose to implement binding or non-binding, tourism policy through national legislation (Abdullah et al, 2015). In the absence of sweeping policy, the International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators (IAATO) formed to self-regulate the industry through guidelines (Verbitsky, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ambassadors, stewards, advocates—Is engagement of polar tourists in conservation symbolic or substantive? A scoping review

Reas,

Leung,

Cajiao

2023

Front. Sustain. Tour.

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The continued growth of polar tourism is causing increasing concerns about its potential environmental effects, invigorating the current discourse about tourism's role in the sustainable future of the Polar Regions. These concerns are often met with the industry's narratives on purported positive impacts of polar tourists who would become ambassadors, stewards or advocates. However, the extent to, and the ways in which these three seemingly interchangeable ‘ambassador' terms have been used or examined in the scientific literature are largely unknown. To address this gap, we traced the definitions of these terms and identified 16 peer-reviewed studies that incorporated the terms in two types of study design: (1) discussing the terms in the context of investigating relationship and influential factors of tourists' motivations, experiences, behavior intentions, and behavior; and (2) examining the terms as ethical imperatives or normative concepts. Results of this scoping review provides a clearer picture of how the “ambassador” terms are defined and utilized in polar tourism research, and points to the needs for further understanding, conceptualization, and operationalization of the related concepts beyond focusing on tourists themselves as ambassadors.

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Liability Annex to the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty

Proelß

Steenkamp

2022

Corporate Liability for Transboundary Environmental Harm

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Twenty-nine States (the ‘Consultative Parties’), each with a substantial interest in Antarctica, collectively manage Antarctica through a system of consensus-based decisions. Traditionally, the Antarctic Treaty together with recommendations and measures adopted by the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meetings (ATCM), the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CAMLR Convention) and the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals (CCAS) form the basis of the Antarctic Treaty System. However, the Consultative Parties began to expand their environmental responsibilities in Antarctica in 1970 and agreed that they “should assume responsibility for the protection of the environment and the wise use of the Treaty area”. A major step in this regard was the addition to the Antarctic Treaty System of the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty (PEPAT or the Protocol). Together with safeguarding free and peaceful scientific research, the Protocol incorporates the protection of the Antarctic environment into the Antarctic Treaty System. The Protocol has six annexes, with Annex VI (Liabilities Arising from Environmental Emergencies) being a product of the obligations contained in Articles 15 and 16 of the PEPAT. Specifically, Article 16 of the PEPAT states that:

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Antarctic Tourism: The Responsibilities and Liabilities of Tour Operators and State Parties

Cited by 9 publications

References 2 publications

Legal Restrictions in Ecotourism

Legal Restrictions in Ecotourism

Ambassadors, stewards, advocates—Is engagement of polar tourists in conservation symbolic or substantive? A scoping review

Liability Annex to the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty

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