Antarctic temperature variability and change from station data

Turner, John; Marshall, Gareth J.; Clem, Kyle R.; Colwell, Steve; Phillips, Tony; Lu, Hua

doi:10.1002/joc.6378

Cited by 154 publications

(139 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…This pattern is consistent with the trend pattern derived from the synthesized air temperate dataset for the period 1958-2002 (Chapman and Walsh 2007). Furthermore, we utilized the READER database (Turner et al 2004(Turner et al , 2019 to assess the regional ERA20C's temperature trend at Antarctic stations (15 for coastal/island stations and 2 for inland stations; see Fig. 2g for the locations).…”

Section: Comparisons Of the Reanalysis Atmospheric Fields With Availasupporting

confidence: 78%

“…The representation of the atmospheric fields directly links to the reliability of the results from the ocean-sea ice-ice shelf model forced with the atmospheric surface boundary conditions. Therefore, we compare the atmospheric reanalysis fields with available observation-based evidence (air temperature observations at Antarctic stations from the READER database (Turner et al 2004(Turner et al , 2019 and three SAM indices) to provide an assessment of the atmospheric conditions in the high-latitude Southern Hemisphere. Figure 3 is scatter diagrams of the temperature trend and variability and SAM trend for quantitative comparison.…”

Section: Comparisons Of the Reanalysis Atmospheric Fields With Availamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An increasing number of in situ and satellite measurements in the second half of the twentieth century have uncovered changes in the Antarctic and Southern Ocean climate over the past few decades (Turner et al 2009(Turner et al , 2014Convey et al 2009). The Antarctic and Southern Ocean climate consist of several physical components: Antarctic ice sheets/ice shelves, Antarctic sea ice, and the Southern Ocean.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interannual-to-Multidecadal Responses of Antarctic Ice Shelf–Ocean Interaction and Coastal Water Masses during the Twentieth Century and the Early Twenty-First Century to Dynamic and Thermodynamic Forcing

Kusahara

2020

Journal of Climate

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Much attention has been paid to ocean–cryosphere interactions over the Southern Ocean. Basal melting of Antarctic ice shelves has been reported to be the primary ablation process for the Antarctic ice sheets. Warm waters on the continental shelf, such as Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) and Antarctic Surface Water (AASW), play a critical role in active ice shelf basal melting. However, the temporal evolution and mechanisms of the basal melting and warm water intrusions throughout the twentieth century and the early twenty-first century have not been rigorously examined and are not fully understood. Here, we conduct a numerical experiment of an ocean–sea ice–ice shelf model forced with a century-long atmospheric reanalysis for the period 1900–2010. To begin with, we provide an assessment of the atmospheric conditions by comparing with available observation and show biases in warming and stronger westerly trends. Taking into account the limitation, we examine the interannual-to-multidecadal variability in the Antarctic ice shelf basal melting and the role of coastal water masses. A series of numerical experiments demonstrate that wind stress changes over the Southern Ocean drive enhanced poleward heat transport by stronger subpolar gyres and reduce coastal sea ice and cold-water formations, both of which result in an increased ocean heat flux into Antarctic ice shelf cavities. Furthermore, an increase of sea ice–free days leads to enhanced regional AASW contribution to the basal melting. This study demonstrates that changes in Antarctic coastal water masses are key metrics for better understanding of the ocean–cryosphere interaction over the Southern Ocean.

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Section: Comparisons Of the Reanalysis Atmospheric Fields With Availasupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Comparisons Of the Reanalysis Atmospheric Fields With Availamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interannual-to-Multidecadal Responses of Antarctic Ice Shelf–Ocean Interaction and Coastal Water Masses during the Twentieth Century and the Early Twenty-First Century to Dynamic and Thermodynamic Forcing

Kusahara

2020

Journal of Climate

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“…Warming in the Antarctic Peninsula has already exceeded 1.5°C over pre-industrial temperatures 15 , and current Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) projections indicate further global increases 16,17 . Set against a background of natural decadal temperature variability 18,19 , climatic changes on the Peninsula are already influencing its vegetation 20,21 . With the available area for plant colonisation on the Peninsula likely to increase by up to threefold due to this warming 22 , understanding how snow algae fit into Antarctica's biosphere and their probable response to warming is critical to understanding the overall impact of climate change on Antarctica's vegetation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Remote sensing reveals Antarctic green snow algae as important terrestrial carbon sink

et al. 2020

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We present the first estimate of green snow algae community biomass and distribution along the Antarctic Peninsula. Sentinel 2 imagery supported by two field campaigns revealed 1679 snow algae blooms, seasonally covering 1.95 × 10 6 m 2 and equating to 1.3 × 10 3 tonnes total dry biomass. Ecosystem range is limited to areas with average positive summer temperatures, and distribution strongly influenced by marine nutrient inputs, with 60% of blooms less than 5 km from a penguin colony. A warming Antarctica may lose a majority of the 62% of blooms occupying small, low-lying islands with no high ground for range expansion. However, bloom area and elevation were observed to increase at lower latitudes, suggesting that parallel expansion of bloom area on larger landmasses, close to bird or seal colonies, is likely. This increase is predicted to outweigh biomass lost from small islands, resulting in a net increase in snow algae extent and biomass as the Peninsula warms.

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“…12c) was noted in Clem & Fogt (2013), Turner et al (2016Turner et al ( , 2019 and Clem et al (2017) as one of the possible climate-forming factors in the AP region. The ASL depth is dependent on the tropical teleconnection, as is mentioned above, and is strongly influenced by the SAM phase with negative SLP anomalies when the SAM is positive (Fogt et al 2012, Turner et al 2013, 2019, Clem et al 2017. Note that the negative SLP anomaly in Fig.…”

Section: The Role Of Negative Slp Anomalymentioning

confidence: 92%

Winter climate change on the northern and southern Antarctic Peninsula

et al. 2020

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Differences in the decadal trend in the winter surface temperature in the northern and southern Antarctic Peninsula have been analysed. Time series from the two stations Esperanza and Faraday/Vernadsky since the early 1950s are used. The two time series are strongly correlated only during the 1980s and 1990s when their variability and trends are associated with both the Niño-4 region and Southern Annular Mode impacts. The winter cooling at the Faraday/Vernadsky station contrasts with the winter warming at the Esperanza station during the period of 2006–17. The different temperature trends are accompanied by weak correlations between the temperatures at these two stations. Linearly congruent components of the station temperature trends in 2006–17 indicate a dominant contribution of Southern Annular Mode (tropical sea surface temperature anomalies) to warming (cooling) in the northern (southern) Peninsula. Distinctive impacts of climate modes are observed in combination with the recent deepening of the negative sea-level pressure anomaly to the west of the peninsula and the related change in the zonal and meridional wind components. These factors apparently contribute to the occurrence of the boundary that crosses the peninsula and divides it into sub-regions with warming and cooling.

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Antarctic temperature variability and change from station data

Cited by 154 publications

References 50 publications

Interannual-to-Multidecadal Responses of Antarctic Ice Shelf–Ocean Interaction and Coastal Water Masses during the Twentieth Century and the Early Twenty-First Century to Dynamic and Thermodynamic Forcing

Interannual-to-Multidecadal Responses of Antarctic Ice Shelf–Ocean Interaction and Coastal Water Masses during the Twentieth Century and the Early Twenty-First Century to Dynamic and Thermodynamic Forcing

Remote sensing reveals Antarctic green snow algae as important terrestrial carbon sink

Winter climate change on the northern and southern Antarctic Peninsula

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