2002
DOI: 10.1126/science.1068574
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Antarctic Krill Under Sea Ice: Elevated Abundance in a Narrow Band Just South of Ice Edge

Abstract: We surveyed Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) under sea ice using the autonomous underwater vehicle Autosub-2. Krill were concentrated within a band under ice between 1 and 13 kilometers south of the ice edge. Within this band, krill densities were fivefold greater than that of open water. The under-ice environment has long been considered an important habitat for krill, but sampling difficulties have previously prevented direct observations under ice over the scale necessary for robust krill density estimat… Show more

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Cited by 250 publications
(134 citation statements)
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“…Antarctic krill may be found at high concentrations near the ice edge in winter (Marschall 1988;Tynan 1998;Nicol et al 2000). Further, krill have also been located under winter sea ice (Marschall 1988;Daly and Macaulay 1991), with the highest concentrations found within 200 km of the outer edge of the pack (Daly and Macaulay 1991;Brierley et al 2002). As such, it is plausible that the high concentration of prey in the outer edge of the pack would explain the penguins' preference for this zone.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Antarctic krill may be found at high concentrations near the ice edge in winter (Marschall 1988;Tynan 1998;Nicol et al 2000). Further, krill have also been located under winter sea ice (Marschall 1988;Daly and Macaulay 1991), with the highest concentrations found within 200 km of the outer edge of the pack (Daly and Macaulay 1991;Brierley et al 2002). As such, it is plausible that the high concentration of prey in the outer edge of the pack would explain the penguins' preference for this zone.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Moreover, acoustic surveys determined large aggregation of krill under the ice during summer (e.g. Brierley and Watkins 2000;Brierley et al 2002). The role of sea ice for adult krill during the course of the year can be summarised as follows.…”
Section: Body Lipid and Protein Utilisationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Many explanations for the circumpolar distribution of krill have been proposed, including sea ice (Mackintosh 1973, Brierley et al 2002, gyres (Marr 1962, Pakhomov 2000, Nicol 2006, fronts (Spiridonov 1996, Witek et al 1988, Tynan 1998, shelf edges (Siegel 2005, Nicol 2006) and high food concentrations (Constable et al 2003, Atkinson et al 2004). However, none of these fully accounts for the distribution patterns, as exceptions apply to each.…”
Section: Top-down and Bottom-up Controls On Krill Ecologymentioning
confidence: 99%