Antarctic ice depthsounding radar instrumentation for the NASA DC-8

Allen, C.; Shi, Lijian; Hale, Richard; Leuschen, Carl; Paden, John; Pazer, B.; Arnold, Emily; Blake, William; Rodriguez‐Morales, Fernando; Ledford, John R.; Seguin, Sarah A.

doi:10.1109/maes.2012.6196253

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…We tested our layer-finding approach using a set of 826 publicly available radar echograms from the 2009 NASA Operation Ice Bridge program, collected with the airborne Multichannel Coherent Radar Depth Sounder system of [1]. Each echogram has a resolution of 700 by 900 pixels (where 900 pixels represents about 30km of data on the horizontal axis, and 700 pixels corresponds to 0-4km of ice thickness on the vertical axis).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 1 shows an example of an echogram from the CReSIS dataset [1]. Our task is to find two key features in these echograms: the ice surface boundary (the strong reflector near the top) and the bedrock boundary (the dark reflector near the middle of the image).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fortunately, ground-penetrating radar systems have matured to allow surveying large areas of ice from aerial and ground vehicles with minimal human intervention. Figure 1 presents an example of an echogram produced by the Multichannel Coherent Radar Depth Sounder System of the Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets (CReSIS) [1]. This echogram is a virtual cross-section of the ice, where the horizontal axis is distance along a flight line and the vertical axis is vertical distance (depth) from the plane.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimating bedrock and surface layer boundaries and confidence intervals in ice sheet radar imagery using MCMC

Mitchell

Crandall

Fox

2014

2014 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)

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Climate models that predict polar ice sheet behavior require accurate measurements of the bedrock-ice and ice-air boundaries in ground-penetrating radar imagery. Identifying these features is typically performed by hand, which can be tedious and error prone. We propose an approach for automatically estimating layer boundaries by viewing this task as a probabilistic inference problem. Our solution uses Markov-Chain Monte Carlo to sample from the joint distribution over all possible layers conditioned on an image. Layer boundaries can then be estimated from the expectation over this distribution, and confidence intervals can be estimated from the variance of the samples. We evaluate the method on 560 echograms collected in Antarctica, and compare to a state-ofthe-art technique with respect to hand-labeled images. These experiments show an approximately 50% reduction in error for tracing both bedrock and surface layers.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimating bedrock and surface layer boundaries and confidence intervals in ice sheet radar imagery using MCMC

Mitchell

Crandall

Fox

2014

2014 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)

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“…The loop sensitivity of a radio-echo sounding system is given by the ratio between the peak power at the output of the transmitter, , and the receiver's MDS. Systems with overall LS values exceeding the 206-dB mark have been reported in the literature [11], [15][16][17]. As mentioned in Section I, however, earlier radar assets have had the disadvantage of being large and heavy (weighing several hundred kg), and consuming large amounts of power.…”

Section: B Sensitivity and Performance Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ice-penetrating radar systems developed for both airborne and surface-based surveys were initially single-channel with modest sensitivity and relatively coarse vertical resolution [10][11][12][13]. In contrast, newer multi-channel radars offer higher performance at the expense of being bulky and power hungry [14][15][16][17][18]. To address the need for a mobile, high-performance instrument compatible with surface-based operations, we developed an improved, multi-channel, ultra-wideband (UWB) radar asset capable of operating with 30% fractional bandwidth 3 at a center frequency of 200 MHz.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Mobile, Multichannel, UWB Radar for Potential Ice Core Drill Site Identification in East Antarctica: Development and First Results

Rodriguez‐Morales

Braaten

Trong

et al. 2020

IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observations Remote Sensing

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We developed a high-performance, multi-channel, ultra-wideband radar system for measurements of the base and interior of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet. We designed the radar to be high-power (4,000 W peak) yet portable and operate with 60-MHz bandwidth at a center frequency of 200 MHz, providing high sensitivity and fine vertical resolution relative to current technology. We used the radar to perform extensive measurements as a part of a multinational collaboration. We collected data onboard a tracked vehicle outfitted with an array of high-gain antennas. We sounded 2-km to 3-km thick ice near Dome Fuji. Preliminary ice thickness data match those obtained via semicoincident measurements performed with a different surfacebased pulse-modulated radar system operated during the same field campaign, as well as previous airborne measurements. In addition, we mapped internal reflection horizons with fine vertical resolution from 300 m below the ice surface to ~100 m above the bed. In this paper, we provide a detailed overview of the radar instrument design, implementation, and field measurement setup. We present sample data to illustrate its capabilities; and discuss how the data collected with it will be valuable for the assessment of promising drilling sites to recover ice cores 0.9 to 1.5 million years old. Index Terms-Oldest ice core, UWB radar sounding. I. INTRODUCTION eep ice cores from the Antarctic Ice Sheet provide a detailed record of climate state changes, volcanic and solar activity, as well as atmospheric composition dating back 800,000 years (800 ka) [1-2]. Unsolved scientific questions related to the role of atmospheric greenhouse gases on the Mid-Pleistocene transition (MPT) [3], which appears to have occurred between ~900 ka and 1.2 Ma, have prompted the international scientific community in a quest for suitable drilling locations to recover samples of the Oldest Ice that will

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A modified feed U‐slot patch antenna array for airborne very high frequency ice‐penetrating radar

Awasthi

Yan

Hale

et al. 2019

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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This article presents a 3 × 2 element U‐slot patch antenna array with modified feed for airborne very high frequency applications. The antenna array is designed to upgrade the Multichannel Coherent Radar Depth Sounder/Imager on board the National Aeronautics and Space Administration DC‐8 aircraft. The antenna array is placed in an aerodynamic fairing structure designed for airborne operation. The major objective is to design an antenna array with a wider impedance bandwidth compared to the existing array. Impedance bandwidth improvement is achieved in two steps. First step is by increasing the bandwidth of antenna element itself and the second step is by utilizing the mutual coupling between the elements of the array. To avoid the problem associated with a rigid probe feed, a modified flexible feed is designed, which can withstand the atmospheric and aerodynamic forces at high altitudes. A matching network is used at each antenna element in this array to further improve the impedance matching. The final antenna array with fairing structure achieved a fractional bandwidth of the 62.5% at center frequency of 243.75 MHz.

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Antarctic ice depthsounding radar instrumentation for the NASA DC-8

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Estimating bedrock and surface layer boundaries and confidence intervals in ice sheet radar imagery using MCMC

Estimating bedrock and surface layer boundaries and confidence intervals in ice sheet radar imagery using MCMC

A Mobile, Multichannel, UWB Radar for Potential Ice Core Drill Site Identification in East Antarctica: Development and First Results

A modified feed U‐slot patch antenna array for airborne very high frequency ice‐penetrating radar

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