Antagonistic Roles of SEPALLATA3, FT and FLC Genes as Targets of the Polycomb Group Gene CURLY LEAF

Lopez-Vernaza, Manuel A.; Yang, Suxin; Müller, Ralf; Thorpe, Frazer; Leau, Erica de; Goodrich, Justin

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0030715

Cited by 71 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(109 reference statements)

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“…LFYasEMF1 and clf plants, as well as transgenic plants constitutively expressing AG, FT, and SEP3 under the control of the 35S promoter (35S::AG, 35S:: FT, and 35S::SEP3; Mizukami and Ma, 1992;Honma and Goto, 2001;Lopez-Vernaza et al, 2012), all have curly leaf and early flowering phenotypes. Besides the similarity in phenotypes, these plants share one other thing in common: ectopic expression of multiple flower MADS box genes (Table IV).…”

Section: Mechanisms Underlying the Curly Leaf And Early Flowering Phementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The aberrant phenotypes can be rescued by removing the ectopic activity of just one of the flower MADS box genes without altering the ectopic expression of the others. For example, AG, SEP3, FT, and FLC are ectopically expressed in clf (Goodrich et al, 1997;Lopez-Vernaza et al, 2012). Mutations in SEP3, FT, or FLC were able to suppress the clf phenotype, while AG remained highly expressed (Lopez-Vernaza et al, 2012).…”

Section: Mechanisms Underlying the Curly Leaf And Early Flowering Phementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, AG, SEP3, FT, and FLC are ectopically expressed in clf (Goodrich et al, 1997;Lopez-Vernaza et al, 2012). Mutations in SEP3, FT, or FLC were able to suppress the clf phenotype, while AG remained highly expressed (Lopez-Vernaza et al, 2012). Thus, AG misexpression is not the only reason for the curly leaf phenotype.…”

Section: Mechanisms Underlying the Curly Leaf And Early Flowering Phementioning

confidence: 99%

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EMBRYONIC FLOWER1 and ULTRAPETALA1 Act Antagonistically on Arabidopsis Development and Stress Response

Liu

Kim

et al. 2013

Plant Physiology

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Epigenetic regulation of gene expression is of fundamental importance for eukaryotic development. EMBRYONIC FLOWER1 (EMF1) is a plant-specific gene that participates in Polycomb group-mediated transcriptional repression of target genes such as the flower MADS box genes AGAMOUS, APETALA3, and PISTILLATA. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanism underlying the curly leaf and early flowering phenotypes caused by reducing EMF1 activity in the leaf primordia of LFYasEMF1 transgenic plants and propose a combined effect of multiple flower MADS box gene activities on these phenotypes. ULTRAPETALA1 (ULT1) functions as a trithorax group factor that counteracts Polycomb group action in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Removing ULT1 activity rescues both the abnormal developmental phenotypes and most of the misregulated gene expression of LFYasEMF1 plants. Reducing EMF1 activity increases salt tolerance, an effect that is diminished by introducing the ult1-3 mutation into the LFYasEMF1 background. EMF1 is required for trimethylating lysine-27 on histone 3 (H3K27me3), and ULT1 associates with ARABIDOPSIS TRITHORAX1 (ATX1) for trimethylating lysine-3 on histone 4 (H3K4me3) at flower MADS box gene loci. Reducing EMF1 activity decreases H3K27me3 marks and increases H3K4me3 marks on target gene loci. Removing ULT1 activity has the opposite effect on the two histone marks. Removing both gene activities restores the active and repressive marks to near wild-type levels. Thus, ULT1 acts as an antirepressor that counteracts EMF1 action through modulation of histone marks on target genes. Our analysis indicates that, instead of acting as off and on switches, EMF1 and ULT1 mediate histone mark deposition and modulate transcriptional activities of the target genes.

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Section: Mechanisms Underlying the Curly Leaf And Early Flowering Phementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanisms Underlying the Curly Leaf And Early Flowering Phementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanisms Underlying the Curly Leaf And Early Flowering Phementioning

confidence: 99%

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EMBRYONIC FLOWER1 and ULTRAPETALA1 Act Antagonistically on Arabidopsis Development and Stress Response

Liu

Kim

et al. 2013

Plant Physiology

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“…The small leaf phenotype of lhp1 mutants is linked to ectopic expression of floral meristem identity genes in leaves (41), whereas early flowering is due to upregulation of FT (31). We tested expression of FT and the floral meristem identity genes AGAMOUS (AG) and SEP3 in eol1 lhp1 and eol1 mutants.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ctf4-related protein recruits LHP1-PRC2 to maintain H3K27me3 levels in dividing cells in Arabidopsis thaliana

Zhou

Tergemina

Cui

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Polycomb Repressive Complex (PRC) 2 catalyzes the H3K27me3 modification that warrants inheritance of a repressive chromatin structure during cell division, thereby assuring stable target gene repression in differentiated cells. It is still under investigation how H3K27me3 is passed on from maternal to filial strands during DNA replication; however, cell division can reinforce H3K27me3 coverage at target regions. To identify novel factors involved in the Polycomb pathway in plants, we performed a forward genetic screen for enhancers of the like heterochromatin protein 1 (lhp1) mutant, which shows relatively mild phenotypic alterations compared with other plant PRC mutants. We mapped enhancer of lhp1 (eol) 1 to a gene related to yeast Chromosome transmission fidelity 4 (Ctf4) based on phylogenetic analysis, structural similarities, physical interaction with the CMG helicase component SLD5, and an expression pattern confined to actively dividing cells. A combination of eol1 with the curly leaf (clf) allele, carrying a mutation in the catalytic core of PRC2, strongly enhanced the clf phenotype; furthermore, H3K27me3 coverage at target genes was strongly reduced in eol1 clf double mutants compared with clf single mutants. EOL1 physically interacted with CLF, its partially redundant paralog SWINGER (SWN), and LHP1. We propose that EOL1 interacts with LHP1-PRC2 complexes during replication and thereby participates in maintaining the H3K27me3 mark at target genes.Ctf4 | epigenetic inheritance | ENHANCER OF LHP1 1 | Polycomb repressive complex 2 | replication

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“…ATHB6, a target of the protein phosphatase ABI1, regulates negatively ABA responses in Arabidopsis (Himmelbach et al 2002). Only CLF, a repressor of AG function (Goodrich et al 1997), is related to flowering; it suppresses flowering by inducing misexpression of floral promoting genes (Lopez-Vernaza et al 2012) Expression of GA metabolism-related genes GA content is associated with fertility (Plackett et al 2012). GA 20-oxidase (GA20ox) regulates GA content (Yamaguchi 2008), and there are five GA20ox genes in Arabidopsis, GA20ox1, GA20ox2, GA20ox3, GA20ox4, and GA20ox5 (Hedden et al 2002).…”

Section: Expression Of Tf Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Expression of Flowering Genes between Rapid- and Slow-Cycling Brassica rapa

Song

Dong

et al. 2016

Plant Breed. Biotech.

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This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. BrCOLs, were expressed with paralog-specific pattern depending on flowering phenotypes: i.e., BrFLC1 and BrFLC2, major floral repressors, were expressed in Chiifu, BrFLCL/BrFLC5 in RCBr and BrFLC3 in both plants. The expression of several flowering repressing genes was gradually decreased in RCBr growth, but increased in Chiifu growth. However, the expression of genes involved in photoperiodic flowering was no difference between these two plants under LD and SD conditions, indicating photoperiodic pathway is not major factor to distinguish fast vs. slow flowering in B. rapa. The mechanism underlined in the rapid or fast flowering of RCBr would be further elucidated in association with the controlling mechanism of its short life span.

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Antagonistic Roles of SEPALLATA3, FT and FLC Genes as Targets of the Polycomb Group Gene CURLY LEAF

Cited by 71 publications

References 62 publications

EMBRYONIC FLOWER1 and ULTRAPETALA1 Act Antagonistically on Arabidopsis Development and Stress Response

EMBRYONIC FLOWER1 and ULTRAPETALA1 Act Antagonistically on Arabidopsis Development and Stress Response

Ctf4-related protein recruits LHP1-PRC2 to maintain H3K27me3 levels in dividing cells in Arabidopsis thaliana

Differential Expression of Flowering Genes between Rapid- and Slow-Cycling Brassica rapa

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