Antagonistic Coevolution over Productivity Gradients

Hochberg,; Baalen, van

doi:10.2307/2463361

Cited by 85 publications

(155 citation statements)

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“…More tests on the shape of the trade-off of being defensive and growth of the bacterial prey will be required as well as on the counter-defence mechanism of the ciliates (potential mechanisms are behavioural, morphological or physiological adaptations). In addition to effects of predator evolution on prey adaptation examined in here, previous studies have identified resource availability and temporal and spatial differences as important drivers for the co-evolutionary dynamics in host-parasite systems 35,36,49 as well as for prey evolution in predator-prey systems 29,33 . In our study, resources, that is, productivity was constant across treatments, but differences in traits of the predators had similar effects as differences in production: co-evolved predator populations increased rapidly at the beginning of the experiment resulting in high predator-prey ratios and higher encounter rates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…In some cases this evolutionary change has also been documented to directly affect the ecological dynamics 10,16,17,[32][33][34] . In addition to the strong evidence that the prey or host populations can evolve adaptations, there are observations that exploiter species (predators or parasites) can evolve within ecologically relevant time scales 33,35,36 . Furthermore there is evidence that both the consumer and the resource species evolve; a defensive adaptation in the prey (host) is followed by counter adaptation in the predator (parasite), which then causes further adaptation in the prey and so on, leading to antagonistic co-evolutionary dynamics 37 .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Consumer co-evolution as an important component of the eco-evolutionary feedback

2014

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Rapid evolution in ecologically relevant traits has recently been recognized to significantly alter the interaction between consumers and their resources, a key interaction in all ecological communities. While these eco-evolutionary dynamics have been shown to occur when prey populations are evolving, little is known about the role of predator evolution and co-evolution between predator and prey in this context. Here, we investigate the role of consumer co-evolution for eco-evolutionary feedback in bacteria-ciliate microcosm experiments by manipulating the initial trait variation in the predator populations. With co-evolved predators, prey evolve anti-predatory defences faster, trait values are more variable, and predator and prey population sizes are larger at the end of the experiment compared with the nonco-evolved predators. Most importantly, differences in predator traits results in a shift from evolution driving ecology, to ecology driving evolution. Thus we demonstrate that predator co-evolution has important effects on eco-evolutionary dynamics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

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confidence: 99%

Consumer co-evolution as an important component of the eco-evolutionary feedback

2014

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“…High-quality habitats may have different evolutionary optima for defence strategies by hosts and offensive strategies by parasites (Hochberg & van Baalen, 1998). Evolution towards different optima under different environmental conditions may render interpretation of experimental studies difficult.…”

Section: Environmental Heterogeneity: Yet Another Level Of Complicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local adaptation in host–parasite systems

1998

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In host-parasite coevolutionary arms races, parasites probably have an evolutionary advantage. Parasite populations should be locally adapted, having higher mean fitness on sympatric than allopatric hosts. Here we assess evidence for local parasite advantage. Further we investigate how adaptation and counter-adaptation of parasites and hosts, necessarily occurring in sympatry, can generate a pattern of local adaptation. Already simple frequency-dependent selection models generate complex patterns of parasite performance on sympatric and allopatric populations. In metapopulations, with extinction, recolonization, and gene flow, variable selection pressure and stochasticity may obscure local processes or change the level at which local adaptation occurs. Alternatively, gene flow may introduce adaptive variation, so differential migration rates can modify the asymmetry of host and parasite evolutionary rates. We conclude that local adaptation is an average phenomenon. Its detection requires adequate replication at the appropriate level, that at which the local processes occur.

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“…Depending on its rate, gene flow can facilitate local adaptation by supplying new genetic variation or inhibit adaptation by swamping existing variation with less fit alleles (25). The relative matching between prey behavior and predator selection could play an important role in structuring species interactions and emergent community properties (26,27).…”

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confidence: 99%

Risky prey behavior evolves in risky habitats

Urban

2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

136

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Longstanding theory in behavioral ecology predicts that prey should evolve decreased foraging rates under high predation threat. However, an alternative perspective suggests that growth into a size refuge from gape-limited predation and the future benefits of large size can outweigh the initial survival costs of intense foraging. Here, I evaluate the relative contributions of selection from a gape-limited predator (Ambystoma opacum) and spatial location to explanations of variation in foraging, growth, and survival in 10 populations of salamander larvae (Ambystoma maculatum). Salamander larvae from populations naturally exposed to intense A. opacum predation risk foraged more actively under common garden conditions. Higher foraging rates were associated with low survival in populations exposed to freeranging A. opacum larvae. Results demonstrate that risky foraging activity can evolve in high predation-risk habitats when the dominant predators are gape-limited. This finding invites the further exploration of diverse patterns of prey foraging behavior that depends on natural variation in predator size-selectivity. In particular, prey should adopt riskier behaviors under predation threat than expected under existing risk allocation models if foraging effort directly reduces the duration of risk by growth into a size refuge. Moreover, evidence from this study suggests that foraging has evolved over microgeographic scales despite substantial modification by regional gene flow. This interaction between local selection and spatial location suggests a joint role for adaptation and maladaptation in shaping species interactions across natural landscapes, which is a finding with implications for dynamics at the population, community, and metacommunity levels. contemporary evolution ͉ gene flow ͉ growth-foraging tradeoffs ͉ predator-prey interactions ͉ prey size refuge

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Antagonistic Coevolution over Productivity Gradients

Cited by 85 publications

References 0 publications

Consumer co-evolution as an important component of the eco-evolutionary feedback

Consumer co-evolution as an important component of the eco-evolutionary feedback

Local adaptation in host–parasite systems

Risky prey behavior evolves in risky habitats

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